Term
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Definition
| a sulfonylurea that blocks ATP-sensitive K+ channels to increase insulin secretion by beta cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Type II drug give once daily with extended release tab, or 30 min before a meal |
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Term
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Definition
| SE: hypoglycemia, esp in combo with insulin |
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Term
| glimepiride or repaglinide |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| SE: GI, skin, liver, blood abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| Contraindicated in pts with liver or kidney dz, risky in elderly |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug similar to sulfonylureas that may be safer in pts with kidney dz |
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Term
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Definition
| Prototype drug for Meglitinides, which work similarly to sulfonylureases but faster and with shorter duration |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes less hypglycemia than sulfonylureases because of shorter duration |
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Term
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Definition
| A biguanide that decreases glucose production and increases glucose uptake by upstream action on AMP kinase pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| Given 2-4 times/day, usually after breakfast and supper |
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Term
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Definition
| Contraindicated in liver and kidney disease; inhibits lactate metab, so causes lactic acidosis, esp w renal dysfx, EtOH, or hypoxia |
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Term
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Definition
| Does not cause weight gain, so important for obese pts w/ insulin resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| A glucose uptake inhibitor: microbial sugars inhibit amylase, alpha-glucosidase; inhibits hydrolysis of disaccharides and complex carbs, so slows formation and absorption of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypoglycemia induced by this drug requires glucose, not sucrose, as tx |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex, poorly absorbed oligosaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| Has additive GI effects when used with metformin |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that works similarly to acarabose, except that it is a simple monosaccharide that is well absorbed |
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Term
| The thiazolidinediones-Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone |
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Definition
| Regulates glucose metabolism and adipocyte differentiation by binding to PARR-gamma to inc transcription of insulin responsive genes |
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Term
| Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone |
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Definition
| Causes inc glucose upstake and utilization in muscle |
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Term
| Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone |
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Definition
| Often given daily in combo w/ metformin |
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Term
| Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone |
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Definition
| Causes increased fracture risk, so avoid in elderly women and osteoporosis pts |
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Term
| Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone |
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Definition
| Can lead to hapatotoxicity and cardiovascular compliations |
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Term
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Definition
| An incretin-based GLP-1 analog that potentiates insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes only a moderate reduction in fasting glucose, but a marked reduction in post-prandial glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of weight gain is an important feature |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases the risk of hypoglycemia, especially when combo with sulfonylureases |
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Term
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Definition
| Can alter absorption of antibiotics and contraceptives |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits DPP-IV, the enzyme that usually degrades endogenous incretins, thus prolonging their action |
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Term
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Definition
| Not associated with either weight gain or loss |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases the risk of respiratory infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Amylin-based ecrease in post-prandial glucose by decreasing liver glucose production, slowing gastric emptying, and promoting satiety |
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Term
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Definition
| Often used in Type I or II pts on insuling who are still lacking adequate control |
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