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Details Title: Twentieth-Century Architecture Description: Chapters 1 and 2 Total Flash Cards: 49 Created: 10/04/2007 16:10:11	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Garden City Ebenezer Howard combine country with city carefully controlled environment eliminate land speculation self-sufficient Radburn NJ Definition Term David Burnham and Edward Bennett opposite garden city modern civic grandeur designed to lighten impacts of uncoordinated urban growth improve traffic health recreation and culture focus on regional transportation civic classicism Plan for Chicago Definition Term 1893-World Columbian Expedition built classical fairgrounds "white city" electric lights on large scale formal monumentality Definition Term Washington DC grid with diagonal blvd(s) romanticism redesign memorial axis line limestone/conices/collumns influenced by columbian Exposition (housing challenge after large expensive civic buildings) Definition Term The Industrial City Tony Garnier imaginary industrial center socialist ideas of political power and property rights reinforced concrete cubic severity health utility and beauty through consistent rational approach to planning and construction neve Definition Term The Futurist City Definition Antonio Sant'Elia influenced by American Skyscrapers assault on cultural conventions no center or clear edge nodes w/in service/circulation networks fragmented unsettling elevators on exterior to express movement part of EXPRESSIONIST MOVEMENT no ornament speed/transportation emphasized Term Le Corbusier radically different design for Paris buildings for both aesthetic and function light and air geometric clarity 3 MILLION PEOPLE!! house expresses larger societal goals smaller footprint on ground, more stories standardization Definition Term Le Corbusier and peers (28 architects) creation of new modern architecture progressive design criticism structure for lookse coalition vehicle for promotion of modern design significant changes in professional identity of architects rational calcula Definition Term CIAM defined town planning according to function 4 categories -- housing, work, recreation, and traffic (not culture) Definition Athens Charter Term established codes, funds and financing procedures for public housing Definition National Housing Act of 1902 (Netherlands) Term Michel De Klerk 1913-1919 extended traditional dutch brick in housing project in Amsterdam varied surface textures individualized buildings Definition Term Karl Ehn Vienna 1930 Karl-Marx-Hof strong political vision superblock-1/2 mile long In 1917 -- 75% were in low grade housing 1400 apartments (5200 residents) working class fortress Definition Term Wrote Modern Housing orgins of housing problems reviewed contemporary solutions activist critic Co-founder/leader of Labor Housing Conference lobbied for creation of US Housing Authority Definition Catherine Bauer Term H.P. Berlage Amsterdam Exchange 1897-1903 contemporary needs and possibilities simplification/elimination of historic detail tectonic issues rather than historical forms Definition Term Otto Wagner, Postal Savings Bank, Vienna, 1902-04 authentically modern architecture (as opposed to eclectic historicism) exposed bolt heads crossing a cultural threshold Definition Term Erich Mendelsohn Rudolf Mosse Building Berlin 1922 no attempt to harmonize new and old structure modernity erupts out of the shell of the preexisting building defiant and assertive Definition Term Louis Sullivan, Wainwright Blg, SL,1891 form follows finance masonry vs. Steele artistically considered building base-shaft-capiatl organization Definition Term Cass Gilbert, Woolworth Blg, NYC, 1913 building as machine for money international style beaux-arts movement Definition Term 1916 Zoning ordinance encouraged setback style/towers Definition Term Wm Van Alen, Chrysler Blg, NYC, 1928-29 Art Deco references to automotive design Definition Term Shreve, Lamb, Harmon, Empire St Blg, 1931 Definition Term Howe & Lescaze, PSFS, Philadelphia, 1931-32 only American building in MOMA exhibit on modern arch. Definition Term Louis Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott, Chicago, 1889-1901 Definition Term Antonio Gaudi, Casa Mila, Barcelona, SP, 1905-11 combination of rational structure, natural forms, religious visions, esoteric symbolism massive stone faccade wroght iron balconies meant to look like seaweed hanging from a cliff Definition Term Auguste Perret, 26 bis rue Franklin, 1902-03 rectilinear apartments Definition Term Berthod Lubetkin, Highpoint One, London, 1934 concrete acceptance of modern arch...kinda hostility and concern over destruction of existing architectural characture Definition Term Adolf Loos Vienna Goldman and Salatsch differentiate between main commercial level and upper space. Definition Term Wivi Lonn, Finland (1872-1966) established herself professionally through school designs Definition Term Julia Morgan, CA (Cal-Berkeley) 1872-1957 YWCA buildings arts and crafts movement accepted to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts Definition Term Joseph Olbrich, Secession Building, Vienna, 1897-98 art as revolution fidelity to historical precedents was seen as a failure of imagination return to elemental form juxtoposition of sphere and solid struggle between matter and spirit Definition Term John Russell Pope & Otto R. Eggers, National Gallery of Art, 1937 classical gravitas legacy of the city beautiful movement recalls pantheon in Rome small dome to not challenge capital Definition Term Goodwin & Stone, Museum of Modern Art, NYC, 1939 emphasis on volume rather than mass standardization (rather than classical concern for symmetry and axiality) avoidance of ornament Definition Term Features of "international style" emphasis on volume rather than mass standardization (rather than classical concern for symmetry and axiality) avoidance of ornament majorly European Frank Lloyd Wright International Style=Modern Arch Definition Modern Architecture:International Exhibition Term Team of architects: Wallace Harrison, Raymond Hood, Harvey Wiley Corbett Rockefeller Center attempt @ comprehensive planning mixed use land aquisition RCA building -- center public transit system (contrast worlds Fair) Definition Term General Motors - futurama focus on private transportation Definition New York World's Fair 1939 Term Philip Webb, Red House, Kent, EN, 1859 varied sizes and locations of the windows reflect internal arrangements of the rooms surronded by gardens movement against industrialization built for William Morris focus on Craft Sons of industrialists-anti i Definition Term Edwin Lutyens & Gertrude Jeyell, Munstead Heath, Surry, EN, ca. 1900 Gardening advocate natural gardens English in imagery despite "freedom from precedents" part of social reform campaign Definition Term Charles & Henry Greene, Gamble Hse, Pasadena, CA, 1909 bungalow style (2 stories but looks like one) winter home simple life celebration of wood integration of architecture and enviroment Definition Term Definition Frank Lloyd Wright, Frederick Robie Hse, Chicago, IL, 1909 arts and crafts trancendetalist worked for Loius Sullican in Chicago built houses for commissions married at 19 emphasizes horizontality modern materials prairie style pro-machine protest against apartments archetectonic furniture Term Josef Hoffman, Palais Stoclet, Brussels, BEL, 1905-11 banking and art ample funds stoneclays Definition Term Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Hill House, Outside Glasgow, Scotland, 1903 Glasgow School of Art sanitary homes attenuated proportions reproduced in magazines Definition Term Le Corbusier, Domino, 1914-45 intended to replace destroyed housing inspired Barcelona Pavillion simple kit of standardized parts capable of rapid erection Definition Term Barcelona Pavilion Mies Van der Rohe 1929 Inspired by Le Corbusier's Domino demonstrated spatial possibilities in column and slab system Definition Term Definition Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissey, FR, 1929 "machine" for living reductive purism seemed to negate gravity carefully orchestrated progression through space Five points of new Architecture 1. pilotis (this columns) that raised the building off the ground 2. Roof Terrace 3. Free plan 4. free facade 5. horizontal windows Term Alvar Aalto, Villa Maierea, Finland, 1938-9 Organic curves (departure from axial relationships) focus on texture wood warmth open attention to human scale international style and Finish vernacular tradition Definition Term Hans Scharoun Vila Schminke Saxony Germany 1932-33 focus on light and nature included strategic skylighting effects Definition Term Richard Neutra, Lovell House, LA, 1929 "health house" advocated vegetarianism, excersize, nudism infused Client personality steel frame cantilevered out Definition Term Frank Lloyd Wright, Falling Water, PA, 1939 taught architecture during depression Wright's "comeback" revolved around 4 elements international style/romanticism Can't see waterfall in house built in furniture one great room small bedrooms Definition Term Buckminster Fuller, Dymaxium House, 1927 affordable hygenic modern housing fabricated components anything unaccountable was irrelevant bore no resemblance to traditional image of house optimal technological solution to the problem of shelter Definition