Term
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Definition
| 1) pH = -log([H+]); where [H+] is in mol/L |
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Term
| Equation [H+] in nEq/liter |
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Definition
| 1) [H+] = antilog(9 - pH) |
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Term
| What are the mean values and range for pH and [H+], nEq/L |
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Definition
1) 7.40; 7.37 - 7.43
2) 40; 37 (low pH) - 43 (high pH) |
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Term
| Equation: Henderson-Scumbag equation |
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Definition
1) pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])
**SRSLY?!?!? performing a simple mathematical manipulation of a previously established equation should not get an equation named after you!!** |
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Term
| What is the equation that expresses the determinants of arterial blood acidity? Which components are the "respiratory" and "metabolic" components? |
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Definition
1) [H+], nEq/L = 24*PaCO2/[HCO3-]
2) respiratory = PaCO2; metabolic = [HCO3-] |
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Term
| What are the determinants of PaCO2? What is the normal range of PaCO2? Determinants of plasma [HCO3-]? normal range? |
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Definition
1) VCO2, V_A
2) 37 - 43mmHg
3) hydrogen ion input; buffering capacity; acid excretion
4) 22-26mEq/L |
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Term
| How is the dual role of bicarb reclamation and net acid excretion accomplished. Where in the nephron is this taking place? |
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Definition
1) tubular secretion of hydrogen ions accomplishes both takss
2) HCO3 reclamation: proximal tubule; H/Na antiport
3) H secretion: cortical and medullary collecting duct; H-ATPase |
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Term
| What ist he major titratable acid acting as a urinary buffer? |
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Definition
| 1) HPO4(2-) + H(1+) <-> H2PO4(1-) |
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Term
| Describe ammonium (NH4+) excretion |
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Definition
- from glutamine
- proximal tubule
- NH4 trapping
- alpha-ketoglutarate metabolism into bicarb*2
- helps trap and eliminate H+ |
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Term
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Definition
| - increased blood H+ or decreased blood pH |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define: hyperbicarbonatemia |
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Definition
| - increased plasma [HCO3-] |
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Term
| Define: hypobicarbonatemia |
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Definition
| - decreased plasma [HCO3-] |
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Term
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Definition
| - pathophysiologic process tending to acidify body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| - pathophysiologic process tending to alkalinize body fluids |
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Term
| Define: respiratory acidosis |
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Definition
| - acid-base d/o initiated by an increased in PaCO2 |
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Term
| Define: respiratory alkalosis |
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Definition
| - acid-base d/o initiated by a decrease in PaCO2 |
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Term
| Define: metabolic acidosis |
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Definition
| - acid-base d/o initiated by a decrease in plasma [HCO3-] |
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Term
| Define: metabolic alkalosis |
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Definition
| - acid-base d/o initiated by an increase in plasma [HCO3-] |
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Term
What is the primary alteration, secondary (compensatory) response, and mechanism of secondary response for the following acid/base disturbance:
metabolic acidosis |
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Definition
1) dec. in plasma HCO3-
2) decrease in PaCO2
3) hyperventilation |
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Term
What is the primary alteration, secondary (compensatory) response, and mechanism of secondary response for the following acid/base disturbance:
metabolic alkalosis |
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Definition
1) increase in plasma HCO3-
2) increase in PaCO2
3) hypoventilation |
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Term
What is the primary alteration, secondary (compensatory) response, and mechanism of secondary response for the following acid/base disturbance:
respiratory acidosis |
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Definition
1) increased PaCO2
2) increase plasma HCO3-
3) acid titration of tissue buffers; transient increase in acid excretion and sustained enhancement of HCO3- resorption |
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Term
What is the primary alteration, secondary (compensatory) response, and mechanism of secondary response for the following acid/base disturbance:
respiratory alkalosis |
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Definition
1) decrease in PaCO2
2) decrease in plasma HCO3-
3) alkaline titration of tissue buffers; transient suppression of acid excretion and sustained reduction of HCO3- resorption |
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Term
| Equation: Henderson Equation |
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Definition
| = [H+], nEq/L = 24*PaCO2/[HCO3-] |
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