Term
| What is frequency and what is it measured in? |
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Definition
| Pitch. Hertz (cycles per second). |
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Term
| What is amplitude and what is it measured in? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you calculate the frequency of a wavelength? |
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Definition
| 1/T (where T is the time for 1 cycle). |
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Term
| What is the threshold for hearing damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would you calculate sound intensity (dB) from sound pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do type 1 and type 2 fibres supply? |
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Definition
Type 1: inner hair cells
Type 2: outer hair cells |
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Term
| What is the place code hypothesis? |
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Definition
| The auditory system records where information originates on the basilar membrane allowing a topographical representation of frequencies in the nuclei of the auditory pathway (a tonotopic map) |
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Term
| What is the temporal code hypothesis? |
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Definition
| Phase locking: nerve cell firing linked to a particular phase of the sound waveform. The time between APs tells us about the period and therefore frquency of sound. |
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Term
| At what range is the temporal code effective? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the auditory pathway. |
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Definition
| Cochlear nuclesus- Superior olivary complex- Inferior colliculus- Medial geniculate body- Primary and secondary auditory cortices. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the superior olivary complex? |
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Definition
| The first site of the interaction of information from the 2 ears which is important for sound localisation. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a receptive and expressive dysphasia? |
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Definition
-Receptive: Comprehension. Wernicke's.
-Expressive: Speech production. Broca's. |
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Term
| What do we use to aid sound localisation in the elevation (vertical) plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we use to aid sound localisation in the azimuth (horizontal) plane? |
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Definition
-Interaural time difference
-Interaural level difference |
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Term
| When is interaural time difference used and why? |
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Definition
| Frequencies below 1.5 kHz. Because wavelength becomes less than the diameter of the head. |
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Term
| When is interaural level difference used and why? |
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Definition
| Frequencies above 1.5 Hz. The head casts a sound shadow for high frequencies which causes a level difference between the two ears |
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Term
| What is an advantage of binaural hearing apart from sound locaisation? |
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Definition
| You can lsten selectively. |
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Term
| What types of genetic and acquired hearing loss are there? |
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Definition
1) Conductive
2) Sensorineural
3) Central
4) Tinnitus |
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Term
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Definition
| A ringing in the ears often accompanied by hearing loss due to peripheral or central origins. |
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Term
| What is the difference between conductive, sensorineural and central deafness? |
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Definition
1) Conductive: occurs in the middle ear
2) Sensorineural: involves the cochlea. Resolution as well as volume is compromised
3) Central: hearing and understanding words. |
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Term
| What represents mild, moderate, severe and profound degrees of hearing loss on an audiogram? |
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Definition
Mild: 20-40
Moderate: 40-70
Severe: 70-100
Profound: >100 |
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Term
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Definition
| An age-related sensorineural hearing loss. |
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