Term
| When did Alexander II come to the throne? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did western countries abolish slavery? |
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Definition
| After the 1848 revolutions |
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Term
| When did the Emancipation of the Serfs happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Russian name for 1861 Emancipation Degree? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the countrymen-townsmen ratio in Russia in comparison to Britain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Russian percentage of adult literacy before the reign of Alexander II? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the British percentage of adult literacy before the reign of Alexander II? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Intelligentsia? |
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Definition
| The intelligentsia were the more educated members of Russian Society. |
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Term
| What does the term 'autocratic' mean? |
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Definition
| Autocracy means total control in the hands of one ruler named an autocrat or autocratic monarch. |
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Term
| Which three countries were still without a parliament in 1900? |
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Definition
| Russia, Turkey and Montenegro |
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Term
| How big was 19th century Russia? |
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Definition
| Empire of roughly 8 million square miles, twice the size of Europe and one-sixth of the globe's surface. |
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Term
| How much of Russia was inhospitable? |
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Definition
| Around two-thirds, especially in the north and east. |
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Term
| What was the percentage of Russian people were Russian? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of Russian's were peasant in 1855? |
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Definition
| 85% of the total population |
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Term
| What was the name of the local village communes? |
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Definition
| Peasants had the 'Mir' or local village commune. |
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Term
| What was the number of inhabitants of St. Petersburg? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which social class was pretty much non-existent in 1855 Russia? |
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Definition
| The middle, entrepreneurial class. |
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Term
| What sorts of job roles did the Intelligentsia fulfill? |
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Definition
| Professional jobs such as government officials, lawyers, doctors and teachers. |
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Term
| What is the Orthodox Church? |
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Definition
| Following a split in the Christian Church in the 11th century, the eastern orthodox had developed it's own beliefs and rituals. |
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Term
| What was the Tsar's role in the Orthodox Church? |
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Definition
| He was considered to be the embodiment of God on Earth and that the land of Russia was his private land and the people of Russia were his people. |
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Term
| What were the Imperial Council or Chancellery? |
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Definition
| A body of 35-60 nobles specially picked by the Tsar to advise him personally and provide their 'expert' opinion. |
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Term
| What was the Committee of Ministers? |
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Definition
| A body of 8-14 ministers in charge of different government departments. |
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Term
| In between what years was the Crimean war? |
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Definition
| October 1853 - February 1856 |
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Term
| Why did the Crimean war start? |
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Definition
| Due to expansion plans set by Russia into the Balkan area that was Turkish-Controlled. |
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Term
| Who was Russia against in the Crimean war? |
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Definition
French Empire
British Empire
Ottoman Empire (Modern Turkey)
Sardinia (Part of Modern Italy) |
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Term
| What was the trigger of the Crimean war? |
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Definition
| Russia's demand for protection of Christians in the area which clashed with the wishes of the French in the area. |
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Term
| Why did Russia lose the Crimean war? |
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Definition
- Under prepared (one musket for every two soliders)
- Russia was inadequate in technology compared to the likes of Britain and France.
- Russia had no railway lines or communication set up (EVIDENCE - two-thirds of soldiers died of starvation/sickness before reaching the front-line.) |
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Term
| What was the outcome of the Crimean war in Russia? |
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Definition
- Showed military inadequacies
- Disrupted much needed Black Sea trading
- Provoked peasant uprisings
- Russia was losing it's 'great power' status in Europe.
- Russia lost influence on Southern Eastern Europe
- Russian intelligentsia questioned the reliance on conscripted serfs. |
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Term
| What was Dimitri Milyutin's view on Russia pre-emancipation? |
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Definition
Believed in order to modernise the army we must:
- Find anew method of conscription
- Improve railways and communication
- Serfdom changhes could lead to economic development
- Reforms would lead to strengthening the state. |
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Term
| Who was Dimitri Milyutin? |
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Definition
| Became Minister of War (1861-1881) |
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Term
| What was Alexander II's main views on liberation? |
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Definition
| Should make reforms in order to provide a more dynamic economy but no changes to the autocracy of the state. |
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