Term
| Transition Bacteria Characteristics |
|
Definition
similar to fungi
forming mycelial-like filaments, aerial hyphae
club-shaped cells and acid-fast elements
live in soil as natural inhabitant |
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|
Term
| Transition Bacteria Definition |
|
Definition
Actinomycetes
heterogeneous group of gram-positive anaerobic bacteria
filamentous and branching growth patterns |
|
|
Term
| Transition Bacteria Pathogenic Species |
|
Definition
Actinomyces bovis
Actinomyces viscosus
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
commensals of oral, nasal, and genital tracts |
|
|
Term
| Actinomyces bovis Disease |
|
Definition
Bovine Lumpy Jaw
Equine Poll Evil
Equine Fistulous Withers |
|
|
Term
| Actinomyces bovis Characteristics |
|
Definition
facultative aerobe
wide variety of cell morphology
normal flora of oropharynx and digestive tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opportunistic invasion as result of trauma/foreign body
grows in anaerobic in damaged tissues |
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|
Term
|
Definition
large lump on the jaw
suppurative proliferative osteomyelitis
facial distortion, loose teeth, dyspnea, pulmonary disease, abdominal disease, pus has sulfur granules
Sulfure granules are horse-shoe shaped |
|
|
Term
| Actinomyces bovis Diagnosis |
|
Definition
bacteria are protected from host in the sulfur granules
wash pus to expose sulfu granules
place granules on slides, treat with 10% NaOH and crush with cover slip
material can be smeared and stained
see diversity of forms of bacteria (cocci, rods, filaments, branching rods, club-shapes, spirals) |
|
|
Term
| Actinomyces bovis Treatment |
|
Definition
rarely successful in chronic cases
antibiotics cannot penetrate infection
in early stages, penicillin |
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|
Term
| Actinomyces viscosus Characteristics |
|
Definition
aerobic, catalase positive
make diphtheroid and filamentous forms |
|
|
Term
| Actinomyces viscosus Diseases |
|
Definition
canine pulmonary actinomycosis
localized granulomatous abscesses |
|
|
Term
| Actinomyces viscosus Diagnosis |
|
Definition
a lot of exudate must be cultured
very difficult to culture |
|
|
Term
| Arcanobacterium pyogenes Characteristics |
|
Definition
| gram positive rods that may be clubbed at one end |
|
|
Term
| Arcanobacterium pyogenes Entry |
|
Definition
opportunistic
found on mucous membranes of healthy animals |
|
|
Term
| Arcanobacterium pyogenes Disease |
|
Definition
acute, purulent mastitis that kills the quarter
together with Fusobacterium necrophorum, causes heel abscesses in sheep
Porcine Jowl Abscesses
Orchitis, Epididymitis |
|
|
Term
| Arcanobacterium pyogenes Treatment |
|
Definition
| treatable with antibiotics after draining abscess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pleomorphic, gram positive
fragmentation of filaments result to rod and coccus
strict aerobe, colonies adhere to agar
smooth to moist to wrinkly surface
grows very slowly
need to gram stain clinical specimen immediately |
|
|
Term
| Nocardia asteroides Disease |
|
Definition
Nocardiosis
acute/chronic bovine mastitis
pulmonary nocardiosis |
|
|
Term
| Nocardia asteroides Entry |
|
Definition
normal soil organisms
inhalation
contamination of skin wounds |
|
|
Term
| Nocardia asteroides Signs |
|
Definition
suppurating granulomatous lesions
sulfur granules |
|
|
Term
| Actinomycosis vs Nocardiosis |
|
Definition
Actinomyces viscosus will not grow on SAB agar
Nocardia will grow on SAB agar |
|
|
Term
| Nocardia asteroides Treatment |
|
Definition
must distinguish between transition bacteria from fungal infection
drain abscesses to aid effectiveness of antibiotic therapy |
|
|
Term
| Dermatophilus congolensis Disease |
|
Definition
dermatophilosis
cutaneous stretothricosis in cattle
lumpy wool or strawberry foot rot in sheep |
|
|
Term
| Dermatophilus congolensis Characteristics |
|
Definition
nonmotile form and motile form
lives in soil and on skin |
|
|
Term
| Dermatophilus congolensis Forms |
|
Definition
Non-motile form
gram positive branching filamentous rods
filaments have branches at right angles
Motile Form
gram positive zoospores
septa form in filaments horizontally and vertically to give rise to coccoid cells
coccoid cells dissociate to motile flagellate zoospores which are infectious
zoospores released when infected skin gets wet |
|
|
Term
| Dermatophilus congolensis Signs |
|
Definition
acute/chronic
exudative dermatitis with scab formation
cutaneous stretothricosis in cattle |
|
|
Term
| Dermatophilus congolensis Transmission |
|
Definition
| direct mechanical contact, bugs, dipping sheep |
|
|
Term
| Dermatophilus congolensis Pathogenesis |
|
Definition
zoospores respond and like CO2 diffused from skin
spores germinate and hyphal branch penetrates epidermis
hyphae grow and invade hair/wool
serous exudate leaks to surface
scab forms
new epidermis forms and is infected |
|
|
Term
| Dermatophilus congolensis Treatment |
|
Definition
can persist for long time
can recover spontaneously during dry weather
no vaccines
removal of scabs aids topical antibiotics |
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