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| Father of toxicology is... |
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Definition
Paracelsus
"The dose makes the poison" |
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Term
| Larger the LD50, the higher the toxicity |
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Definition
False!!!
extremely toxic substances are lethal at low doses
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Definition
| Both natural and man made |
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Term
| every substance you come into contact with on a daily basis is poisonous |
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Definition
TRUE
all depends on the dose |
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Term
| You are concerned about risks associated with growing vegetables in soil with high lead and arsenic concentrations. You are speaking of what type of substance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Biotransformation is another word for.... |
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Definition
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Term
| A compound not normally found in the body is a... |
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Definition
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Term
| subacute exposures are repeated for up to 30 days |
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Definition
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Term
| You have worked at a chemically facility for 10 yrs. the facility does not require protectice equipment and you have developed a number of seriou health effects in the last 7 years What type of exposure are you experiancing? |
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Definition
Chronic
anything repeated for over 90 days is chronic |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the effects of poisons |
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Term
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Definition
the specific poisonous chemical
the posionous compound
Artifical
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Term
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Definition
man-made substance and/or produced by but not normally found in the body
Exogenous Substance
Substance that is foreign to the body (drug or toxin)
All poisons are xenobiotics but not all xenobiotics are poison (dose makes the posion!)
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Term
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Definition
an apparently nontoxic chemical can be toxic at high doses
highly toxic chemicals can be life saving when given in appropriate doses
Poisons arent harmful at sufficiently low doses |
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Term
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Definition
| the adverse effects that a chemical may produce |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of a chemical that gains access to the body |
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Term
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Definition
Contact providing opportunity of obtaining a poisonous dose
Opprotunity |
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Term
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Definition
| The likelihood that the toxicity will be expressed |
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Term
| Threshold effects for Dose |
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Definition
| Increasing Dose=Increasing Response |
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Term
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Definition
Less than 24hrs
usually a single exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeated for up to 30 days |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Repeated for over 90 days
Repeated exposure to an organism for a time greater than half its life-expectancy |
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Term
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Definition
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How body limits the actions of xenobiotics |
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Definition
Redistribution
Excretion- mostly h2o soluble compounds, kidney and liver
Metabolism- major mechanism for terminating xeno activity, usually the single most important determinant of the duration and intensity of toxic responses to a xenobiotic (LIVER, kidney, lung, GI) |
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Term
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Definition
Death- arsenic, cyanide
Organ Damage- ozone, lead
Mutagenesis - UV light
Carcinogenesis - benzene, asbestos
Teratogenesis - thalidomide |
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Term
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Definition
how do chemicals cause their toxic effects?
more research based
focus on ADME |
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Term
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Definition
- Evaluate the toxicity of drugs, foods, and other products
- perform experiments in pharmacutical or academic setting
- research based
- focus on the end-point
- Is the compound safe to sell?
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Term
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Definition
- study application of toxicology to the law
- use chemical analysis to determine circumstances of death in an investigation
- Toxicity kills the patient--what xeno was administered? was it legal?
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Term
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Definition
- effects of pollutants on organisms, populations,ecosystems, and biosphere
- How are toxins affecting the enviornment and animal life?
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