1. karyokinesis
2. Cytokinesis

1. Nuclear division
2. Cytoplasmic division

1. Mitosis 
2. Meiosis 

1. Monad
2. Dyad

be able to identify:

chronic, acute, or normal lymphocytic leukemia

continuously undergo cell division

-no control

occurs in sex cells

• changes diploid cells to haploid cells
• produces gametes-sperm cells or egg cells
• 2 gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote that then goes through many mitotic cell division to produce a diploid multicellular animal= baby!

23 homologous pairs of chromosomes

• consist of two sister chromatids
• prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I
• Interkinesis: gap between meiosis I and meiosis II
• anaphase: homologue pairs separate and move toward opposite poles; sister chromtids remain attached to each other

• photograph of the chromosomes
• detect chromosomal disabilities
• used the drug: colchicine

destroys the spindle fibers and so the cell stays in metaphase of mitosis

• 23 chromosomes comes apart at its centromere, separating the sister chromatids of each chromosome.
• same process as mitosis

will have 22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes

• three things identify homologous chromosome pairs

1. similar length
2. similar centromere position
3. similar banding pattern after staining

• down syndrome: trisomy 21
• edwards syndrome: trisomy 18
• patau syndrome: trisomy 13
• klinefelter syndrome: extra X chromosome in a male (XXY)
• turner syndrome: monosomy X (female)
• triplo-X syndrome: trisomy X (female)
• jacob syndrome: extra Y chromosome in a male (XYY)