Term
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Definition
Isolate functions from each other,
Increase efficiency
Ensure each function obtains appropriate resources
Ensured that each function can get rid of wastes
Membrane-bound organelles increase the surface-area-to-volume ratio of the organelle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Double membrane arround nucleus. Has nuclear pores that allow RNA to exit the nucleus. The nuclear lamina maintains the membranes structure and contains enzymes that will destroy any escaped DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
Contains the regions of DNA that are being used.
Site of transcription (DNA to RNA) and ribosome construction. Outside the nucleus, the ribosomes use the RNA to make proteins (translation). |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) |
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Definition
| Is made up of disks covered with ribosomes for protein synthesis (also converts some proteins into glycoproteins). Packages proteins into transport vesicles. Constructs new membrane. |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) |
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Definition
| Is connected to RER and is made of tubular structures without ribosomes. Has different functions depending on the cell type (may synthesize lipids or detoxify drugs, alcohol, and poisons). Stores Ca2+ ions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recieves much of the material exporet from the RER and SER. Material enters the cis face and leaves the trans face. Materials are modified, sorted, and packed through a system of cisternum (areas of the golgi) by a process known as cisternal maturation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion material (recycling cell components). Used in the process of autophagy (process of recycling organelles). The enzymes only work under a certain pH, so protons have to be imported into the lysosome for them to function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diseases that are caused by the accumulation of materials that cannot be recycled (can be caused by the malfunctioning of lysosomes). Tay-Sach's disease is when lipids accumulate in a cell and impair cell function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclear envelope, RER, SER, golgi, and plasma membrane. Related structures are the central vacuole of plant cells and the contractile vacuole of protists. |
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Term
| Central Vacuole of Plant Cell |
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Definition
| Used for storage and cell growth. Enclosed by tonoplast. |
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Term
| Contractile Vacuole of Protists |
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Definition
| Used to expel excess water. |
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Term
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Definition
Imvolved in the breakdown of fatty acids.
Aid in the detoxification of poisons in animal cells.
Store fats in plant seeds (glyoxysomes) |
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Term
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Definition
Found in both animal and plant cells.
Consists of cristae (contains the electron transport system and creates ATP) and matrix (contains the enzymes used in metabolic pathways). |
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Term
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Definition
Found only in plant cells.
Contains thylakoid (3rd membrane that is made up of stacks of disks called granum and converts light into energy) and stroma (contains enzymes of Calvin-Benson Cycle for converting CO2 into sugars). |
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Term
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Definition
Group of plant organelles. Contains:
Chloroplasts.
Chromoplasts: Contain pigments that give colour.
Amyloplasts: Store starch in tubers (potatoes).
Plastids can change from one form to another if needed. |
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Term
| Summary of Organelle Function |
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Definition
Nucleus > mRNA & Nucleolus > Ribosomes
RER > phospholipids and proteins > glycoproteins
SER > other lipids
Golgi > polysaccharides
Glyoxysome > Sugar from fatty acids. |
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