Term
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Definition
| RNA that has a cloverleaf shape. On one end there is an anticodon and on the other end there is an amino acid attachment site. |
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Term
| Amino Acid Attachment Site |
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Definition
| On tRNA, the 3' end extends beyond the 5' end and terminates in the sequence ACC, this is the amino acid attachment site. |
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Term
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Definition
| There are 45 tRNA's and 61 amino acid codons. Thus, some anti codons 5' base can attach to a number of mRNA bases, this is called a "wobble". Inosine is a tRNA base that, in the wobble position, can bind to U, C, or A. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase enzyme can "charge" tRNA by joining it to an amino acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of small and large subunits. Contain A, P, and E (exit) binding sites. Eucaryotic ribosomes are heavier than prokaryotic ribosomes (measured in svedburg units). |
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Term
| Initiation of Translation |
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Definition
-Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA and locates the start codon.
-Initiator tRNA (Met) binds to start codon.
-Large ribosomal subunit binds to initiator tRNA, initiator tRNA is now in the P site. |
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Term
| Elongation of Translation |
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Definition
- Second tRNA moves into the A site.
- Amino acid from P site tRNA joines with A site tRNA's amino acid.
Ribosome moves forward one codon, P site tRNA enters E site and is ejected, and a new tRNA enters the A site. |
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Term
| Termination of Translation |
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Definition
- tRNA carrying a stop codon enters A site.
- Ribosome moves forward one, stop codon becomes located at P site, release factor binds to A site.
- Polypeptide is released, tRNA in P site leaves, complex disassembles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple ribosomes on the same mRNA all producing the same polypeptide. |
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Term
| Differences Between Eucaryotic and Prokaryotic Translation |
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Definition
Eucaryotes:
mRNA is modified after transcription, so translation cannot immediately occur.
Prokaryotes:
mRNA is produced in a functional state. Translation can occur during transcription.
These differences can be used as targets for antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific amino acid sequences within the protein provide information about its final location. N-terminal region of polypeptide directs the translation complex to the Rough E.R. |
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