Term
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Definition
| Cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function. |
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Term
Epithelial tissue has two types:
They are? |
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Definition
1. Covering and lining
2. Glandular |
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Term
| The functions of epithelial tissue includes (6): |
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Definition
1. protection
2. absorption
3. filtration
4. excretion
5. secretion
6. sensory reception |
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Term
| Secretion is a speciality of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Since all epithelia has an apical surface (upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or cavity of an internal organ) and a basal surface, then all epithelia exhibit ____1___ meaning that cell regions near the apical surface __2___ from those near the basal surface in both ___3____ and ___4____. |
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Definition
1. apicalbasal polarity
2. differ
3. structure
4. function |
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Term
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Definition
| The term used to describe the fuzzy apperance when microvilli are so dense from all the cell apices (or point of the cell). |
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Term
| What is the "basal lamina" of the basal surface of an epithelium? |
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Definition
| A NONCELLULAR ADHESIVE sheet consisting largely of GLYCOPROTIENS secreted by the epithelial cells. It is a SELECTIVE FILTER that determines which molecules diffusing from underlying connective tissue are allowed to enter the epithelium. |
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Term
| Tight junctions help to do what? This function results in helping to maintain _______ ________. |
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Definition
| Keep proteins in the apical region of the plasma membrane from diffusing into the basal region THUS helping to maintain EPITHELIAL POLARITY. |
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Term
| The three special characteristics of epithelium are: |
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Definition
1. Polarity
2. Specialized contacts
3. Supported by connective tissue.
4. AVASCULAR (contains no blood vessels) but INNERVATED (supplied by nerve fibers)
5. Regeneration |
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Term
| What two laminae (sheets) form the basement membrane that reinforces the epithelial sheet and defines the boundary between the epithelial and connective tissue? |
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Definition
| Basal Lamina and reticular lamina. |
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Term
| What is the reticular lamina and where is it? |
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Definition
| The reticular lamina is just deep to the basal lamina (which together form the basement membrane) and is extracellular material that contains a fine network of collagen fibers belonging to underlying connective tissue. |
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Term
Functions of simple cuboidal:
Example of location: |
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Definition
Secretion & absorption.
Ex:) forms the walls of the smallest ducts of glands and of many kidney tubules. |
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Term
| The functions of simple epithelia are: |
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Definition
| Absorption, secretion, and filtration. |
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Term
Two simple squamous epithelia in the body are: (The names reflect location; hint: inner & middle)
Functions? |
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Definition
| Inner = ENDOTHELIUM: this provides a slick lining in lymphatic vessels and in all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system (blood vessels and the heart). |
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Term
| Simple columnar epithelium functions also include absorption and secretion, and are located all through the _____ ____ and sometimes house _____ ___. |
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Definition
Digestive Tract.
Goblet Cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that secrete a protective lubricating mucus. Found in areas like the digestive tract. |
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Term
| What does "keratinized" mean? And where is keratinized epithelium found? |
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Definition
| Keratinized means that the cells contain keratin which is a tough protective protein. Keratinized cells are found in the epidermis. |
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Term
| Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found? |
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Definition
| In the larger glands of the body (mammary and sweat glands). |
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Term
| Describe transitional epithelium. (Location, function, basal and apical cell layers). |
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Definition
Transitional epithelial cells have the ability to "transition" or change shape.
They are found in the lining of hollow urinary organs.
Basal layer: cuboidal or columnar
Apical layer: vary in appearance (depending on degree of distension in the organ) |
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Term
Define a gland.
There are: ______ and ______. Also _______ and ________.
Define a secretion. |
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Definition
A gland consists of 1 or more cells that make and secrete a product (called a secretion).
There are endocrine and exocrine glands as well as unicellular and multicellular.
A secretion is the product and the process of making that product that is produced by a gland. It is an aqueous fluid usually containing proteins but sometimes a lipid or steroid secretion. |
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Term
| Describe an endocrine gland: |
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Definition
| They are ductless glands that produce hormones. |
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Term
| Describe exocrine glands. |
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Definition
| They are numerous and secrete products onto body surfaces and into body cavities. Examples are mucous, sweat, oil, bile, salivary glands and digestive enzymes (from the pancreas). |
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Term
| The only important example of a unicellular gland in the human body is the ______ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Multicellular exocrine glands have two basic parts: an epithelium-derived ___ and _____ ___. ______ _____ ____ surrounds the secretory unit and supplies it with blood vessels and nerve fibers that form a _____ ____ that extends into the gland proper and divides the gland into lobes. |
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Definition
duct, secretory unit
supportive connective tissue
fibrous capsule |
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Term
| REVIEW FIGURE 4.4 FOR TEST |
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Definition
| REVIEW FIGURE 4.4 FOR TEST (Types of multicellular exocrine glands) |
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Term
Multicellular gland types are:
1. __________
and
2. __________
Which are (#1) glands: sweat glands, sebaceous glands, salivary glands |
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Definition
1. Merocrine
2. Holocrine
sweat glands & salivary glands
sebaceous glands are really the only true form of holocrine glands. |
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Term
| The most widely distributed of the primary tissues is __________ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The four main classes of connective tissue are: |
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Definition
1. connective tissue proper (fat & fibrous tissue of ligaments)
2. cartilage
3. bone tissue
4. blood |
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Term
| The four major functions of connective tissue is: |
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Definition
1. binding and support
2. protection
3. insulation
4. (in terms of the blood) transportation |
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Term
| All _______ ______ arise from mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue). |
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Definition
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Term
| All other primary tissues are composed mainly of cells; however, _______ _____ are largely nonliving extracellular matrix. Because of its matrix,it is able to: |
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Definition
Connective tissues.
Bear weight, withstand great tension and endure abuses that no other tissue would be able to tolerate. |
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Term
| The three main elements of connective tissues are: |
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Definition
Ground substance, fibers, and cells.
*Ground substance and fibers make up the extracellular matrix. |
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Term
| Merocrine glands secrete their products by _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Holocrine glands release their secretion by: |
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Definition
| Rupturing, releasing not only the secretion but also dead cell fragments. |
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Term
| Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are: |
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Definition
| large, negatively charged polysaccharides that stick out from the protein core of a proteoglycan. |
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Term
Name each cell of each connective tissue class:
Connective tissue proper:
Cartilage:
Bone:
Blood:
Name after synthesized with matrix:
Connective tissue proper:
Cartilage:
Bone: |
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Definition
Connective tissue proper: Fibroblast
Cartilage: Chondroblast
Bone: Osteoblast
Blood: Hematopoietic stem cell
Connective tissue proper: Fibrocyte
Cartilage: Chondrocyte
Bone: Osteocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that detect foreign substances and initiate local inflammatory responses against them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phagocytize (eat) a broad variety of foreign materials (ranging from molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles). |
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Term
| What are connective tissue propers two subclasses? |
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Definition
Loose connective tissue and Dense connective tissue.
*Except for bone, cartilage and blood, all mature connective tissues belong to this class. |
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Term
| Loose connective tissue consists of: |
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Definition
| Areolar, adipose and reticular. |
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Term
| Dense connective tissue consists of: |
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Definition
| Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic. |
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