Term
| What are the four basic types of tissues? |
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Definition
Connective Tissue Epithelial Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue |
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Term
| What is the difference between parenchyma and stroma? |
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Definition
| parenchyma are the actual sells that perform the functions of the organ, and the stroma the supporting tissue. |
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Term
| What do hematoxylin and eosin stain and why? |
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Definition
hemotoxylin stains DNA, RNA, and ribosomes, because it is a basic substance, and those structures hold a negative charge. Eosin sains proteins because it is negative and attracted to the positive amino group on proteins. |
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Term
| Most abundant protein in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans in ground substance. |
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Definition
hyaluronic acid chondroitin sulfate keratan sulfate |
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Term
What are the purposes of the following "fixed" cells: 1. fibroblasts 2. adipocytes 3. chondrocytes 4. osteocytes |
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Definition
1. secrete fibers and ground substance 2. store fat 3. form cartilage 4. form bone |
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Term
What is the lining of blood and lymph vessels called? what is the lining of peritoneal and other serous cavities called? what is the basal lamina? |
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Definition
1. endothelium. 2. mesothelium. 3. layer of extracellular matrix that anchors the epithelium to the adjacent connective tissue. It is avascular, meaning it has no blood vessels and obtains nutrients and oxygen by diffusion from capillaries in the adjacent connective tissue. |
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Term
| What does simple squamous epithelium line? What do their nuclei look like? |
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Definition
| blood vessels, body cavities, parietel layer of renal corpuscles. nuclie are oval and flattened. |
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Term
| What do simple columnar epithelium line and what do their nuclie look like? |
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Definition
most of GI tract, uterus, oviducts, large ducts of some glands. nuclei are oval, and often basally located inside the cell. |
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Term
what are the two different forms of stratified squamous epithelium and where can you find then on the body? |
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Definition
Keratinized, non-keratinized. keratinized is mainly found in the skin, and non-keratinized lines wet cavities such as mouth, esophagus vagina, anal canal. Anything that has a "mucus membrane" is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
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Term
| How do you keratinize non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium? |
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Definition
| subject it to abrasive conditions. |
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Term
What are desmosomes? What are hemidesmosomes? |
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Definition
1. specializations on the lateral surfaces of cells, (i.e. epithelial cells) that act to bind them very tightly together. 2. specializations on that basal surface of epithelial cells that act to tightly anchor them to the underlying basement membrane. |
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Term
| What filaments mediate muscle contraction and what are the three types of muscle? |
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Definition
actin and myosin. skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. |
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Term
what feature is characteristic of skeletal muscle? What does skeletal muscle do? |
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Definition
cross-striations control voluntary muscles. innervated by somatic nervous system. |
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Term
What structure surrounds each muscle fiber? muscle bundles (fascicles)? entire muscle? |
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Definition
1. endomysium. 2. perimysium. 3. epimysium. |
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Term
| Give some characeristics of cardiac muscle. |
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Definition
-one, maybe 2, centrally located nucleus(i) -difficult to see cross striations -intercalated discs: junctional complexes between adjacent cells for cell-to-cell adhesion. |
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Term
main characteristic of smooth muscle? where is smooth muscle found? |
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Definition
spindle-shaped. ducts of glands, urinary tract, arrector pili muscle of hair follicles, the iris, tubular organs of the viscera, respiratory tract, and many blood vessels. |
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Term
| smooth muscle is innervated by: |
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Definition
| the autonomic nervous system (both symp. and parasymp.) this system also innervates cardiac muscle. |
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Term
| What two ions are the most critical for neuron depolarization? |
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Definition
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Term
what is a glial cell? what kind of glial cells support the CNS? what kind of glial cells support peripheral nerves? |
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Definition
| 1. a cell that supports and protects a neuron. they are smaller than neurons and are 10x more numerous. |
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