Term
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Definition
| ribs are horizontal instead of the normal downward slope. this is associated with normal aging & with chronic emphysema & asthma as a result of hyperinflation of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| sunken sternum & adjacent cartilages (also called funnel breast). depression begins at 2nd ICS. more noticeable during inspiration. when severe, it may cause embarrassment & a negative self-concept |
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Term
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Definition
| forward protrusion of the sternum, with ribs sloping back at either side & vertical depressions along costochondral junctions (pigeon breast). |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic & lumbar spine, usually with involved vertebrae rotation. unequal shoulder & scapula height & unequal hip levels. if severe, it may reduce lung volume & put person at risk for impaired cardiopulmonary function |
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Term
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Definition
| exaggerated posterior curvature of thoracic spine (humpback) that causes significant back pain & limited mobility. severe deformities impair cardiopulmonary function |
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Term
| increased tactile fremitus |
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Definition
| occurs with conditions that increase the density of lung tissue, thereby making a better conducting medium for vibrations |
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Term
| decreased tactile fremitus |
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Definition
| occurs when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations (e.g. obstructed bronchus) any barrier that gets in the way of the sound & your palpating hand decreases fremitus |
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Term
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Definition
| vibration felt when inhaled air passes through thick secretions in the larger bronchi. this may decrease somewhat by coughing. |
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Term
| pleural friction fremitus |
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Definition
| produced when inflammation of the parietal or visceral pleura causes a decrease in the normal lubricating fluid. then the opposing surfaces make a coarse grating sound when rubbed together during breathing. |
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