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Thompson Q2 FINAL
Thompson Q2 FINAL set
47
Art History
Undergraduate 2
02/18/2011

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Merode Alterpiece Left Panel

 

  • Inghelbrechets family (ppl who commissioned painting)
  • in enclosed garden (metaphor of purity)

Term
[image]
Definition

Merode Alterpiece Center Panel

  • The annuciation (contemporary style)
  • Mary sitting on ground (humility)
  • white lily (purity)
  • Lavloa - space to wash hands before mass (i.e. Annuciation goes before salvation.)
  • Holy spirit carries cross on light beams

Term
[image]
Definition

Merode Altarpiece Right Panel

  • Joseph in studio (contemporary workshop)
  • mouse traps - symbol of Christ on Earth to trap the devil

Term
[image]
Definition

Ghent Altarpiece Closed

  • commissioned for family shown in bottom left/right panels
  • individual emphasis on each panel
  • made for a personal chapel
  • top scene - angle holding lily (purity)
  • below OT prophets and civils (classical references)

Term
[image]
Definition

Ghent Altarpiece Open

  • Top - reference to heaven
    *Left - Virgin
    *middle - throne
    *Right - John the prophet
  • surrounded by angels, far ends are adam and eve (fallen state)
  • Bottom - original sin needs sacrifice
    *Center - lamb on alter being sacrificed - based on revelation
    *OT figures, apostles, & martyrs coming forward to worship

Term
[image]
Definition

Giavanni Arnolfini & his Bride

  • Original Idea:
    * double portrait (unusual 2 ppl)
    * shows a witnessing of a marriage
    *disguised symbolism: everyday objects mean more than they seem
    * taking vow (can see 2 figures in the mirror
    *curtains on bed open, fruit (fertility), dog (loyalty), 1 candle in chandelier (eye of God)
  • 2nd theory - everyday objects are actually ordinary objects
  • 3rd theory - memorial portrait (the way they are dressed)
  • 4th theory - rights/legality of marriage
    * shoes at bottom (references to outside world)
    * painting cut into 2 man/woman duties/place
    -man: open window (outside)
    -woman: lots of clothes, bed

Term
[image]
Definition

Man in Red Turban

  • possibly a self-portrait (Jan Van Eyck)
  • extremely detailed portrait

Term
[image]
Definition

Deposition

  • incomplete - thought to at one time have wings
  • cross bows in corners and form/position of Christ's body
    *body was taunt on cross & loose once dead
    *commissioned for Archer's Guild
  • supposed to feel strong sense of empathy and connect with Mary and Jesus.
    *Mary/Christ are in same position
    *Christ's head is tilted toward her
    *everyone is looking at or reacting to them
    *Mary/Christ hands are close together

Term
[image]
Definition

Last Supper (Bouts) - Altarpiece

  • concern w/ space - single point
    *tries to replicate space as we see it in the real world
  • emphasizes Christ on central axis
  • Christ is emphasizing brotherhood of apostles - contemporary setting
    *men in bg are set apart w/ contemporary clothes
  • panels surrounding it show reference to the OT - typology

Term
[image]
Definition

Last Supper (Castagno)

  • in a room where people eat
  • fresco - not as vibrant, but good clarity and lines
  • good perspective, but not realistic in the layout.
  • Judas is in the front - stands out from rest (foreshadowing)
  • no contemporary references
  • really long table - figures are arranged all on one side, can see each of their expressions

Term
[image]
Definition

East Doors "Gates of Paradise"

  • Lorenzo Ghiberti 
  • eastern position (most prestigious side)
  • 27 years to make
  • focused entirely on OT stories
  • imitate naturalistic space

Term
[image]
Definition

Brancacci Chapel

 

  • incorporates influences from contemporary sculpture/painting
  • commissioned piece
    *focused on the life of St. Peter
    *chapel was for burial - imgs w/ sin/burial
  • Different panels
    *starts with Adam/Eve and idea of sin
  • known for application of perspective and the natural human form
  • inspired by classical form (nude)

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Holy Trinity (Masaccio)

  • in the Santa Maria Novella, Italy
  • meant to mark where someone is buried
  • his most complex perspective piece
  • Christ sacrifice - shows that there is something to look forward to 
    *family members are shown praying below
  • classical reference to architecture

Term
Italian vs. Flemish
Definition

Italian

  • contraposto (reference to classical)
  • good lighting
  • understanding perspective)
Flemmish
  • no perspective
  • very fashionable clothes
  • symbols and minuscule details

Term
[image]
Definition

Battle of the Ten Nudes

  • print > engraving
  • prints were much more affordable than paintings, artists could get their name out this way.
    *eat to transport, reproduce, cheap
  • real & accurate anatomy - all tense to see body definition
    *foliage in bg is used as a contrast to bodies

Term
[image]
Definition

Santo Spirito

  • modular design w/ geometric unity
  • aisles were contained all the way around
  • classical influence - single column, clerestory, not vaulted
  • uses different colored stones to highlight architectural elements

Term
[image]
Definition

West Facade of Santa Maria Novella

  • bottom front are tombs that were there and styled - had to unify the tombs w/ the rest
  • very strongly emphasized central axis
  • huge emphasis on bilateral symmetry
  • Ideal viewpoint - intended to be seen from the front
  • uses different colored marble to create patterns
  • believed you had to follow a set of rules to make something beautiful 

Term
[image]
Definition

Adoration of the Magi

 

  • commissioned by Palla Strozzi fro personal chapel (to show status)
  • shows the 3 kings (younger, middle, and older)
    *elaborate clothes - wealthy and exotic
  • Palla Strozzi and son are thought to be behind magi
  • Style
    *indicates space (no vanishing point)
    *lots of detail - shows journey in bg
    *very rich: works w/ lighting, color, gold

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Pazzi Chapel

 

  • patron: Andrea Pazzi - commissioned for family chapel & given to Santa Croce
  • symmetrical - everything lines up
  • interested in classical forms - rounded arches, pediment, columns, coffers
  • central plan - central dome, equal arms, etc.
  • dark/light stone to contrast
  • same style inside and outside
  • sculptures of apostles on the wall, evangelists on dome corners
    *dome: 12 ribs, 12 apostles, 7 seals of apocalypse 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Palazzo Medici-Riccardi

  • living space is separated from business (most ppl lived where they worked)
  • rustication: rough & raised stones on outside (stone gets smoother on top)
  • built right up to the edge of the street
  • interior courtyard to bring light into building

Term
[image]
Definition

David (Donatello)

  • displayed in Medici courtyard
  • david was seen to symbolize the city of florence
    *classical style - shows youthfulness
  • symbol for the political side of the medici family
    *showing David as a killer of tyrants
    *shown nude (idealistic) also shown as vulnerable

Term
[image]
Definition

Primavera

  • commissioned for a cousin of the Medici family
  • Figures:
    *Left: Mercury
    *3 graces wearing gemstones the family owned
    *venus w/ cupid above her head
    *flora - wearing flowers
    *Chloris (nimph) - picked up by Zephur, god of wind
  • Possible purposes
    *Ovid Poem illustration
    *attribute to a legal adult
    *Lucretius writing illustration
    *Apulesus poem illustration 

Term
[image]
Definition

Birth of the Virgin

  • Mary's birth is shown
  • Ludovica Tornabuoni is shown paying respects to the newborn.
    *shown as a model for behavior of other women
    *posture is good and contained compared to the movement of the servants

Term
[image]
Definition

Giovanna Tornabuoni

  • portrait to pay tribute to her - she died young
  • additional elements in bg to refer to characteristics about her
  • fair, meek & contained posture - status through clothing

Term
[image]
Definition

Sant 'Andrea

  • Ludovico Gonzaga - ruler of the city
    *had the sant 'Andrea redesigned because of the relic brought ppl to the city
  • it held a relic of Christ's blood
  • church was modern at the time
    *NO gothic, classical revival
  • Plan:
    *no aisles - individual chapels on sides
    * transept with classical dome
    *thick walls - not lit completely (strategic)
    *coffered semi-circular vault rested on walls, not columns 

Term
[image]
Definition

Interior of Camera Degli Sposi

 

  • modern style - worked w/ perspective to make room look bigger
  • almost all sculpted architecture is painted on
  • "Ceiling"
    *painted in a way to fool the eye to think it is real

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Camera Degli Court Scene

 

  • Ludovico is shown as a calm ruler, cultured
  • scenes are idealized in who is present & when & where
  • family idealized w/ decorations and roman classical above

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Enthroned Madonna & Saints Adored

 

  • for Federico da Montefeltro
  • artist very interested in perspective
  • Mary & Christ - surrounded by saints
  • Federico is shown w/ patron saint behind him
    *taken gloves and helmet off to honor christ
  • open space on left is possibly to memorialize his wife who died that year

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Last Supper (Da Vinci)

 

  • Duke of Milan had daVinci paint it for a monastery
  • not in good condition because he experimented with paints
  • scene when Christ says that someone is going to betray him
  • Christ is emphasized
    *framed by window, central axis, single point leading to Christ, alone in the middle, colors, head are all lined up to Christ. 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Timpietto

  • means little chapel (commissioned by King & Queen of Spain)
  • was made to show where Peter was crucified
    *Doric order style

Term
[image]
Definition

David (Michelangelo)

  • Michelangelo used the eyes as the determination of beauty.
  • Classical nude - ideal, contraposto
    *hands are bigger, deviated from rules of proportion
  • viewer supposed to walk around the statue (eyes looking off into the distance)

Term
[image]
Definition

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

  • took about 4 years to finish w/o much assistance
  • theme: emphasize the origins of Salvation and where it comes from
  • paints architectural framework on ceiling to separate painting.
  • As he goes, he realizes to make people bigger to view from ground
  • curved lines - focused on gesture

Term
[image]
Definition

Philosophy (School of Athens)

  • painted by Raphael
  • for Pope's private library
  • fresco to represent the four aspects of learning: Theology, law, philosophy, and poetry
  • painted idealized version of the philosophy school of athens
    *lots of classical elements
    *single vanishing point (center)
    *Plato and Aristotle in center

Term
[image]
Definition

Baldassare Castiglione (Raphael)

  • Courtier - from good family & attendant to a ruler
  • tries to emphasize Baldassare
  • simple yet sophisticated (facial expressions)

Term
[image]
Definition

Galatea

  • sea nymph - married to cyclops (monster)
    *fell in love w/ a shepherd - tried to flee her husband to live on land w/ her lover
  • Galatea's twisting form may be similar to Michaelangelo's 
    *enlivens and balances the composition

Term
[image]
Definition

Last Judgement (Michaelangelo)

  • alter wall of Sistine Chapel
  • Pope selected the imagery to reaffirm the churches sacraments as the only way to be saved
    *dealing w/ much opposition (reformation & Sac of Rome) religiously & politically and was a way to assert church power
  • Figure in center (jesus) painted like Apollo "god of sun"
    *shown as active judge
    *surrounded by saints in paradise
    *angles - carrying instruments of the passion
    *no angel with scales - blessed rising toward heaven and damned to hell
  • Combined classical ideas of an afterlife 
  • all figures are active and almost nude - shows bodies in figurative ways (idealize-heaven, distorted-hell)
  • purgatory - cave behind alter

Term
[image]
Definition

Palazzo Farnese

  • courtyard in the center
  • more sculptural than others
  • central axis - aligned with doorway/balcony
  • looks like colosseum - different style on each level 
    *bottom - tuscan
    *center - ionic
    *top - corinthian 

Term
[image]
Definition

St. Peter's  Basilica

  • Michaelangelo simplified design as the architect
  • planned the dome (made it more oval on the outside and circular on inside)
    *made it stronger and more of a focal point

Term
[image]
Definition

Decent from the Cross (Pontormo)

  • mannerism (emits the cross from the painting
  • makes it vertical & groups the figures
    *makes you look at the faces and follow them, leaves void in middle
  • nothing is centralized
  • purpose: to show Christ being carried away from his mother and plays with the emotional devastation
  • figures are shown smooth and elongated - sculptural

Term
[image]
Definition

Madonna with the Long Neck

  • by Parmigianino
  • meant for a funerary chapel
  • left unfinished but still hung
  • Composition: heavy on left side & open on right
  • Figures: distorted and drawn out (long limbs on christ and others, mary's long neck)
  • space: foreground defined w/ mary, bg is undefined and unfinished

Term
[image]
Definition

Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time

  • intended as a gift
  • smooth sculptural figures, elegantly posed.
    *Space is irrational w/ no space behind blue drapery
  • 1st theory:
    *shown as a foolish act, envy behind Cupid, deceit behind Folly, oblivion- face on top left
  • 2nd Theory:
    * Syphilis that was spreading throughout Europe
    *envy could be seen as a person with Syphilis and how foolish love can be bad 

Term
[image]
Definition

Portrait of a Young Man (Bronzino)

  • book in hand is most likely poetry
  • young man is probably poet friend
    *all the grotesque faces in the image
  • man imitated high level aristocrats by wearing black
    *gazing down and standing pretentiously

Term
[image]
Definition

Abduction of the Sabine Woman

  • by Bologna
  • from an old story of the founding days of Rome
  • composed very simply
    *idealized bodies
    *woman creates tip of statue with her finger
  • each figure is at a different angle for the viewer to walk around to see

Term
[image]
Definition

Interior courtyard of the Palazzo Del Te

  • 3 wings around courtyard
  • took Classical forms and used them in ways that were not traditional
  • "Fall of the Giant" - fresco
    *gods taking control of earth from giants
    *looks like stonework of room is being destroyed in the battle

Term
[image]
Definition

San Zaccaria Altarpiece (Bellini)

  • painted and framed with stone to mimic the real stone frame 
  • sacra conversasione
  • Saints: Peter, Jerome (book), st. Catherine (wheel), Lucy (eyes), angels at mary's feet
  • similar to high renaissance - central comp, symmetrical, single-point perspective
  • Different: use of color as a primary shaper of form
    *color is also used as a compositional element to draw the eye to certain areas

Term
[image]
Definition

Feast of the gods (Bellini & Titian)

  • painted on the wall of a studiolo
  • Duke (commissioner) had a scholar help him decide what content
    *artists weren't considered educated enough
  • Arcadia - classical reference in countryside
    *classical gods are recognized by their elements/symbols
  • inspired by Ovid's poem (Fasti)
    *celebration for Bacchus (wine)
  • using color as a balancing element - more than line
  • couple in center (married) might have been commissioner and wife

Term
[image]
Definition

Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne

  • Titian
  • also for the studiolo
  • Bacchus is presenting himself to Ariadne
    *bold use of color
    *beginning to bring emotion to the painting
    *not everything is balanced - more dramatic

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