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Thinking Critically with Psych Science
David G Myers Psychology, Ch 1
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/05/2012

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Term
Psychology
Definition
science of behavior and mental processes
Term
arm-chair psychology
Definition
speculation, bias, casual observation
Term
Wilhem Wundt
Definition
father of experimental psychology
Term
William James
Definition
first psychologist in america
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
sexual urges, child psychologist
Term
1920s psych
Definition
focus on cognitive processes
Term
1920s-1960s psychology
Definition
behaviorism
Term
behaviorism
Definition
the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
Term
humanistic psychology
Definition
historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth.
Term
cognitive neuroscience
Definition
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
Term
biological psychology
Definition
influences of biology on psych processes
Term
developmental psych
Definition
influences of age on psych processes
Term
personality psych
Definition
individual differences in psych processes
Term
social psychology
Definition
interpersonal influences on psych processes
Term
clinical psych
Definition
diagnosis and treatment of abnormal psych processes
Term
school psych
Definition
psych of behavioral/learning problems
Term
industrial/organizational psych
Definition
psych of efficiency and the workplace
Term
hindsight bias
Definition
the inclination to see events that have already occurred as predictable
Term
biopsychosocial approach
Definition
nature and nurture are inseparable; inherent predispositions are modified by environment
Term
gene
Definition
a portion of dna that codes for a particular protein
Term
scientific method
Definition
research question -> hypothesis -> gather data -> analysis -> conclusions -> communicate results
Term
case study
Definition
analysis of individual or small group; may not reflect large population; rare or unusual circumstances
Term
naturalistic observation
Definition
observing behavior as it occurs w/o interfering
Term
survey (benefits/problems)
Definition
asking a large population a series of questions. (accuracy of self report? sampling errors? volunteer bias?)
Term
law of large numbers
Definition
the larger your sample size, the more likely it is to be representative of the population
Term
representative samples
Definition
diverse or accurate in race, gender, age, and socioeconomic level
Term
correlational research
Definition
are 2 variables related linearly?
Term
correlational coefficient "r"
Definition
-1>/r>/1
indicates strength of correlation; r=0 indicates no correlation
Term
experimental method
Definition
hold all variables constant except the test variable
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