Term
| The submucosal veins of what area of the oesophagus create a portosystemic anastomosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eosophageal varices commonly develop in persons who have developed what condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| A hiatal (hiatus) hernia is a protrusion of part of the stomach into the mediastinum through what? |
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Definition
| The eosophageal hiatus of the diaphragm |
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Term
| Which nerve, that largely controls the production of stomach acid, can be removed to reduce the amount of acid created in people with stomach ulcers? |
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Definition
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Term
| A posterior gastric ulcer may erode through the stomach wall into the pancreas, resulting in referred pain to where? |
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Definition
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Term
| A posterior gastric ulcer may erode through the stomach wall into the pancreas, and possibly damage what artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain from the stomach will be referred to what location? |
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Definition
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Term
| What artery may be damaged if an appendix sitting in the posterior wall of the superior part of the duodenum perforates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Occlusion of the vasa recta by emboli can cause what to happen to the part of the intestine involved? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of pain would be experienced in ileus (obstruction of the intestine)? |
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Definition
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Term
| The spleen is protected by what ribs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most frequently injured organ in the abdomen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides direct trauma, how else can the spleen be injured? |
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Definition
| Blunt trauma to other regions of the abdomen that cause a sudden, marked increase in intra-abdominal pressure |
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Term
| Generally, if the lower edge of the spleen can be detected when palpating below the left costal margin at the end of inspiration, how many times larger than normal is it? |
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Definition
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Term
| If inserting a needle at the evel of the 10th rib in the midaxillary line for a splenic biopsy, what area must we be careful not to enter? |
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Definition
| Costodiaphragmatic recess |
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Term
| If removing the pancreas, the anatomical relationships and blood supply of what area of the pancreas, as well as the bile duct, and duodenum, make it impossible to remove this entire area of the pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the pancreas palpable? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most exocrine pancreatic problems are secondary to what problems? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rupture of the pancreas may cause what to enter the parenchyma of the gland and what would be the outcome? |
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Definition
| Pancreatic juice - digestion of the gland and other tissues |
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Term
| Cancer of the head of the pancreas often compresses and obstructs what vessel? |
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Definition
| The bile duct and/or the hepatopancreatic ampulla |
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Term
| Cancer of the neck and body of the pancreas may cause obstruction of what? |
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Definition
| Hepatic portal vein or IVC |
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Term
| Pancreatic cancer often metastasises to where early on? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a patient is supine, pus from a subphrenic abscess may drain into one of what other recesses of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the IVC have valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do hepatic veins contain valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is a needle commonly inserted to perform a liver biopsy? |
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Definition
| Right 10th intercostal space in the midaxillary line, in full expiration |
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Term
| Where is the narrowest part of the biliary passages and thus the common site for impaction of gallstones? |
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Definition
| The distal end of the hepatopancreatic ampulla |
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Term
| An inflamed and dilated gallbladder due to impaction of gallstones may create a fistula with what other structures? |
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Definition
| The superior part of the duodenum and the transverse colon |
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Term
| What is the inferior border of the cystohepatic triangle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the medial border of the cystohepatic triangle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the superior border of the cystohepatic triangle? |
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Definition
| Inferior surface of the liver |
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Term
| What artery is usually most in danger during removal of the gallbladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fascia at the renal hilum attaches to the renal vessels and ureter, usually prevent- ing the spread of pus to what side? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pus from an abscess (or blood from an injured kidney) may force its way from the kidney into what area, between the loosely attached anterior and posterior layers of the renal fascia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because the layers of renal fascia do not fuse firmly in what area of the kidney, allowing possible movement of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can a kidney can be removed from the donor without damaging the suprarenal gland? |
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Definition
| Weak septum of renal fascia separating them |
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Term
The close relationship of the kidneys to what muscles explains why extension of the hip joints may increase pain resulting from inflammation in the
pararenal areas? |
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Definition
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Term
| In crossing the midline to reach the IVC, the longer left renal vein traverses an acute angle between what two vessels? |
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Definition
| SMA anteriorly and the abdominal aorta posteriorly |
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Term
| The pain from renal and ureteric calculi (kidney stones) is referred to what spinal cord segments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain resulting from irritation of the diaphragmatic pleura or the diaphragmatic peritoneum is referred to where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain resulting from irritation of the diaphragmatic pleura or the diaphragmatic peritoneum is referred to which spinal cord segments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Irritation of peripheral regions of the diaphragm, innervated by the inferior intercostal nerves, is referred to where? |
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Definition
| The skin over the costal margins of the anterolateral abdominal wall |
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Term
| Most diaphragmatic ruptures are on which side? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ is the reason why most diaphragmatic ruptures are on the left side? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia occurs, the stomach, small intestine and mesentery, transverse colon, and spleen may herniate through what area of the diaphragm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscle muscle has extensive, clinically important relations to the kidneys, ureters, cecum, appendix, sigmoid colon, pancreas, lumbar lymph nodes, and nerves of the posterior abdominal wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pulsations of a large aortic aneurysm can be felt where? |
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Definition
| To the left of the midline |
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Term
| The inferior part of the abdominal aorta may be compressed against the body of which vertebra, over the umbilicus, to control bleeding in the pelvis or lower limbs? |
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Definition
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Term
| One of three collateral routes, formed by valveless veins of the trunk, that are available for venous blood to return to the heart when the IVC is obstructed or ligated |
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Definition
| The superior and inferior epigastric veins |
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Term
| One of three collateral routes, formed by valveless veins of the trunk, that are available for venous blood to return to the heart when the IVC is obstructed or ligated |
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Definition
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Term
| One of three collateral routes, formed by valveless veins of the trunk, that are available for venous blood to return to the heart when the IVC is obstructed or ligated |
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Definition
| Epidural venous plexus inside the vertebral column |
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