Term
| Is the first rib easily broken? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which ribs are most commonly fractured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractures of which ribs may result in diaphragmatic hernia |
|
Definition
3-12
Most commonly lowest ones |
|
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Term
| The posterolateral aspects of which intercostal spaces are important sites for posterior thoracotomy incisions? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Are additional cervical or lumbar ribs more common? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The most common site of a sternal fracture (which is uncommon in general, and usually only seen in the elderly) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Can you have paralysis of only one half of the diaphragm? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In which quadrant of the breast are tumours more commonly seen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which quadrants of the breast are less vascular and thus the better places to make surgical incisions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is likely to occur if the apex of the lung is injured through trauma? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| One of the areas where abdominal incisions may inadvertently enter the pleural sac |
|
Definition
| Right part of infrasternal angle |
|
|
Term
| One of the areas where abdominal incisions may inadvertently enter the pleural sac |
|
Definition
| Right costovertebral angle |
|
|
Term
| One of the areas where abdominal incisions may inadvertently enter the pleural sac |
|
Definition
| Left costovertebral angle |
|
|
Term
| Where should the needle for thoracentesis be inserted to avoid damage to the intercostal nerves and vessels (in general)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should the needle for thoracentesis be inserted to avoid damage to the intercostal nerves and vessels (best location)? |
|
Definition
| 9th intercostal space, mid-axilliary line during expiration |
|
|
Term
| Where should chest tubes be inserted? |
|
Definition
| 5th or 6th intercostal space, mid-axilliary line |
|
|
Term
| Name given to the sinus where you can pass a finger through behind the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk |
|
Definition
| Transverse pericardial sinus |
|
|
Term
| What condition can occur if extensive pericardial effusion exists, so the compromised volume of the pericardial sac does not allow full expansion of the heart, limiting the amount of blood the heart can receive, which in turn reduces cardiac output |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the needle placed to perform pericardiocentesis (drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity)? (one of two places) |
|
Definition
| Left 5th or 6th intercostal space near the sternum |
|
|
Term
| Where is the needle placed to perform pericardiocentesis (drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity)? (one of two places) |
|
Definition
| Via infrasternal angle by going superoposteriorly |
|
|
Term
| Where is cardiac percussion performed? |
|
Definition
| 3rd, 4th, 5th intercostal spaces left-right anterior axillary line |
|
|
Term
| Where is the catheter places for a coronary angiogram |
|
Definition
| Ascending aorta via femoral artery |
|
|
Term
| What artery is most commonly involved in myocardial infarction? |
|
Definition
| Anterior branch of the left coronary artery |
|
|
Term
| What artery is second most commonly involved in myocardial infarction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occlusion of which artery, supplying the AV bundle, can cause a heart block? |
|
Definition
| Anterior interventricular branch (off the left coronary artery) |
|
|
Term
| Occlusion of which artery, supplying the SA and AV nodes, can cause a heart block? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does atrial or ventricular fibrillation cause no effective cardiac output? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain from the heart refers to what spinal nerve roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which part of the aorta, whose wall is not yet reinforced by
fibrous pericardium, is likely to get an aneurysm? |
|
Definition
| Distal part of ascending aorta |
|
|
Term
| In an AP x-ray view of the heart, what makes up the right border? |
|
Definition
| Right brachiocephalic vein, SVC, right atrium, IVC |
|
|
Term
| In an AP x-ray view of the heart, what makes up the left border? |
|
Definition
| Terminal part of arch of aorta, pulmonary trunk, left auricle, left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| What protrudes through the abdominal wall in an acquired umbilical hernia? |
|
Definition
| Extraperitoneal fat and/or peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| Besides the umbilical ring, where else may abdominal hernias occur? |
|
Definition
| The lines along which the fibers of the abdominal aponeuroses interlace |
|
|
Term
| An epigastric hernia is most likely to go through which muscle? |
|
Definition
| Linear alba of rectus abdominus |
|
|
Term
| Why are pararectus incisions (along the lateral border of the rectus sheath) undesirable? |
|
Definition
| They may cut the nerve sup- ply to the rectus abdominis |
|
|
Term
| Why are inguinal incisions for repairing hernias dangerous? |
|
Definition
| They may injure the ilio-inguinal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What term refers to a protrusion of omentum (a fold of peri- toneum) or an organ through a surgical incision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve is associated with the cremasteric reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of inguinal hernia passes through or around inguinal canal, usually traversing only medial third of canal, external and parallel to vestige of processus vaginalis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of inguinal hernia exits from the anterior abdominal wall via superficial ring, lateral to cord; rarely enters scrotum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of inguinal hernia traverses inguinal canal (entire canal if it is of suf- ficient size) within processus vaginalis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of inguinal hernia exits from the anterior abdominal wall via the superficial ring inside cord, commonly passing into scrotum/labium majus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anterolateral surface of the scrotum is supplied by what nerve? |
|
Definition
| Lumbar plexus (primarily L1 fibers via the ilio-inguinal nerve) |
|
|
Term
| The postero-inferior surface of the scrotum is supplied by what nerve? |
|
Definition
| Sacral plexus (primarily S3 fibers via the pudendal nerve) |
|
|
Term
| Would a anaesthetic agent need to be injected more superiorly or inferiorly to anesthetize the anterolateral surface of the scro-tum than is necessary to anesthetize its postero-inferior surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer of the testis originally metastasises to where? |
|
Definition
| To the retro-peritoneal lumbar lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Cancer of the scrotum originally metastasises to where? |
|
Definition
| Superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Perforation of a duodenal ulcer, rupture of the gallbladder, or perforation of the appendix may lead to the formation of an abscess in which anatomical recess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What passageway may ascitic fluid flow along to move from the abdomen to the pelvis in an upright patient? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Perforation of the posterior wall of the stomach results in the passage of its fluid contents into what anatomical location? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An inflamed or injured pancreas can result in the passage of pancreatic fluid into what anatomical location? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| If the cystic artery is accidentally severed before it has been adequately ligated in a cholecystectomy, what artery can be compressed to control the haemorrhage? |
|
Definition
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