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9. R atrium 10. R ventricle 11. L atrium 12. L ventricle 13. Papilary muscles 14. Chordae tendineae 15. Tricuspid valve 16. Mitral valve 17. Pulmonary valve 18. Aortic valve |
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| Stroke Volume is dependent on what factors? |
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Pre-load After-load Contractility |
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CO = _______ x _______ fill in the blanks |
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HR, SV Cardiac output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume |
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CO, SVR Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Systemic Ventricular Resistance |
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(Meam Arterial Pressure-Right Arterial Pressure)x80
Cardiac Output |
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Point of Maximal Impulse Usually located on the left midclavicular 5th intercostal space An enlarged heart or LV heart failure can displace PMI |
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| resistance to ejection, SVR |
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"Target dose" or "Survival dose" |
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| dose associated with the greatest improvement |
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| Describe how decreased cardiac output will result in a physiological increase in preload volume. |
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âCO ârenal perfusion áRAAS and subsequently vasopressin áH2O, Na retention ápreload and venous return |
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| Describe how decreased cardiac output leads to increases in afterload volume. |
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âCO ásympathetic output áarteriolar resistance áafterload |
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What types of ventricular dysfunctions can lead to heart failure? |
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Diastolic Dysfunction: where the ventricular walls are enlarged in place of blood volume; ejection fraction is normal, but the volume is lowered. Systolic Dysfunction: where the vetricles are enlarged and have increased filling; the ejection fraction is below 40-50% and pre-load and after-load are increased |
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