Term
| functional groups are considered appropriate for clients who need to: |
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Definition
evaluate their own ability to carry out life roles
Acquire skills and role behaviors
Develop communication and interaction skills to enhance occupational performance
prevent loss or deterioration of skills and behaviors
Improve health, wellness, or quality of life |
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Term
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Definition
interaction among their members
a common goal
a relationship between size and function (the size of the group is related to what the group is supposed to accomplish)
Members desire or consent to participate in a group
a democratic capacity for self-determination |
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Term
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Definition
refers to the combination of mutually connected and dependent parts of the group that form its existence
includes the organization and procedures of the group |
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Term
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Definition
refers to the intensity of feeling for and identification with the group among its members
it is reflected in a sense of group solidarity in how much the members value and care about the group |
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Term
| stages of group development |
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Definition
refers to the phases a group passes through during its existence
dynamic and unpredictable and may have fluctuations
common trajectory in which the group must first be: formed followed by building of relationships
deciding aims and procedures,
accomplishing tasks and
then terminating. |
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Term
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Definition
refers to tasks done during the group and what is said or discussed
EX: OT group cooks a common meal, the activities involved in cooking and the necessary conversation about getting the cooking done is the content. |
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Term
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Definition
refers to how things are said and done and how the group goes about accomplishing its goals
EX: how the group decides what to cook and whether everyone has a say in the decision-making are parts of the process |
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Term
| two types of group behavior that contribute to the group process |
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Definition
*group task functions that enable the group to accomplish its aims related to content
*group building and maintenance functions that help create and sustain relationships and connections between members. |
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Term
| what affects group cohesion |
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Definition
| how members mutually understand, accept and support each other and by the extent of trust between members |
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Term
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Definition
parallel
project
egocentric cooperative groups
cooperative groups
mature groups |
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Term
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Definition
examples are:
initiator-contribuotr
energizer
encourager
harmonizer
gatekeeper
individual roles within a group include:
dominator, playboy (clown) or aggressor |
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Term
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Definition
| interaction analysis, group membership and leadership functions, group dynamics, the phases of group development and the impact of group process on individual growth |
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Term
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Definition
encompass a common goal and dynamic interaction of their members
have capacity for self-direction
can become increasingly independent of designated leadership
can address individual needs
provide multiple types of feedback and support
can support members growth and change |
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Term
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Definition
| innate drive for competence and hierarchy of needs |
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Term
| interrelation of groups, therapy and occupation |
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Definition
* functional groups provide members with a here-and-now reality orientation that encourages growth and change
*functional groups are designed to give the amount and type of feedback and support that address members' needs
*Group activities and discussions can be structured to encourage group-centered leadership, giving members an opportunity to learn about their own capabilities and about how the environment or context influences them
*through participation in activities and discussion, functional groups encourage and promote growth and change
functional groups can be structure or organized to accomodate many levels of human developent and functioning. |
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Term
| basic concepts of functional group model |
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Definition
adaptation
occupation
action-oriented and promotes adaptation through action |
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Term
| 4 types of action that promote adaptation that can occur in a functional group |
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Definition
purposeful action
self-initiated action
spontaneous (here-and-now) action
group-centered action |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a member perceives the group activity as being congruent with the member's characteristics |
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Term
| factors that influence the experience of purposeful action are: |
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Definition
social and cultural relevance to the member
match the member's skill level
meanings evoked by the objects used, interaction with other participants and the general context |
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Term
| congruency with characteristics and characteristics of an activity |
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Definition
| greater likelihood that member will experience pleasure and satisfaction and learning or change will occur |
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Term
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Definition
refers to a member's volitional efforts to be a part of the group and to benefit from participation
people differ in their capability of self-initiated action
Occurs when members are in sync with the goals of the group |
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Term
| spontaneous (here-and-now) action |
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Definition
refers to behaviors that emerge instinctively from the group process and contribute to members experiential learning.
allows members to exercise and improve perception, judgement and decision-making
safe groups allow for this |
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Term
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Definition
action that takes into consideration the emotional and social needs of all members and that contributes toward a common task and goal.
leader aims to create an environment that encourages interdependent action requiring group members to function as members of the group and not just as individual agents |
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Term
| role of leader in group model |
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Definition
to facilitate the four types of action in the functional group
purposeful action
self-initiated action
spontaneous action
group-centered action |
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Term
| functional group seeks to: |
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Definition
| enhance occupational behavior and thus adaptation by mobilizing dynamic group forces that have the potential to positively shape people's understanding of themselves or their abilities |
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Term
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Definition
their own dynamic that influences behavior of the group as a whole
sense of identity and self-worth to members
social positions (roles)
require persons to respond to environmental expectations
structure that guides
interactions |
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Term
| assessment instruments used in the functional group |
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Definition
two categories of assessments
1. by psychologists and sociologists for observing group dynamics and group content and process (sociogram)
2. form assessments that indicate types of roles
both include:
observations
needs assessment
content and process analysis |
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Term
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Definition
usually completed by the group leader
assess:
members and context
functional group protocol (planning form)
session plan (planing form)
session evaluation form |
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Term
| purpose of group form assessments |
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Definition
provide formats to structure leader reflection and self-assessment including:
leader self-assess
assessment of activity and leadership |
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Term
| in functional group model members |
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Definition
taught (encouraged) to be both observers and evaluatorsof group process and progress toward goals
group itself can be used as an arena for evaluation of individual occupational behaviors of members |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to promote those behaviors that lead to the satisfaction of group needs. |
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Term
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Definition
designed
formed
developed
concluded
during each stage the leader conducts assessments and takes appropriate leadership action to ensure the group is functioning well and positively influencing its members. |
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Term
| designing a functional group |
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Definition
therapist defines group goals, develops plans, selects members, and initially outlines a proposed group structure.
involves:
assessing client needs and available supports for the group
determining group goals and methods which may involve:-pre-group interview-gathering info. on history of existing group from records or staff-assessment to determine characteristics of groups members and context-developing a session plan to establish the goals and framework for each session
establishing group membership criteria and compositions and size
planning the group and the tasks that will be performed in the group |
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Term
| issues needing addressing at the formation |
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Definition
members need to feel sense of acceptance and belonging
relationship of the members to the leader
balancing individual with group goals
establishing trust |
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Term
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Definition
strive to create an environment that supports purposeful, self-initiated, spontaneous and group-centered action through out.
evaluate the progress of the group (along with members)
identify and manage problems that arise
self-reflect
ensure that members can go on from the group realizing and retaining their learning and positive changes and with a concrete sense of their accomplishments or how to apply their learning to outside the group |
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Term
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Definition
review and summarizing the members' experience in the group
addressing members' concerns and feelings about the termination |
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Term
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Definition
most have to do with "how" to do groups
"how to achieve best results and "how to manipulate variables in group practice".
evidence is growing
less research on the outcomes of group intervention |
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Term
| the functional group model and research |
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Definition
This model has been used as a framework in research regarding the effectiveness of group intervention
activity based-groups found more effective than a verbal group in improving clients' independent functioning and perceptions of their social skills
found that group treatment of patients who had hip replacements was more cost effective than individ. treatment
group-based OT had a positive impact on functional status of persons with Parkinson's disease while being less labor intensive than services offered individually |
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Term
| central dynamic of functional group model |
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Definition
| client's participation in occupations and the importance of context and group dynamics to influence the impact it has on clients. |
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Term
| use of other models with functional group |
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Definition
| can be used with other models (biomechanical, motor, cognitive) but functional group model is used to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate the group process components. |
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Term
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Definition
open is open enrollment at all times
closed is only open to certain members then membership is stopped. |
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Term
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Definition
| processes that strengthen group effectiveness and cohesion |
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Term
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Definition
| the ways in which members contribute to the overall functioning of the group in terms of group tasks or social-emotional elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| the story of the group's past structure and functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| a property of groups that acts like an energy field, influencing the behavior of the group as a whole and the behavior of individual members of the group |
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Term
| concepts specific to functional groups |
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Definition
encompass a common goal and dynamic interaction of their members
have capacity for self-direction
can become increasingly independent of designated leadership
can address individual needs
provide multiple types of feedback and support
can support members' growth and change |
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Term
| leader's role during the four stages of group development |
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Definition
| conduct assessment and takes appropriate leadership action in order to ensure that the group is functioning well and positively influencing its members |
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