Term
|
Definition
Auguste Comte (1798 – 1857)
Influenced by the 19C Industrial revolution and the French revolution
Comte coined the term sociology
Promoted Positivism: the study of sociology as a science
How society is held together: social statics
How society changes: social dynamics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Materialist conception of history.
Social change is bound up with capitalism
Conflicts between ruling class (capitalists) and working class (proletariat)
Exploitation and alienation masked by ideology and false consciousness
Class consciousness - Revolution
Conflict Perspective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protestant ethic was associated with the rise of capitalism.
Social change is linked to rationalisation – the organisation of social and economic life according to principles of efficiency
Iron Cage
Theory of Bureaucracy
Social Action Perpective
Authority Theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collective conscience
societies changing from possessing similarities (values and customs) to a rapid growth of division of labour.
shift from mechanical society to organic society
breakdown of integration and ultimately anomie – a state of normlessness.
Suicide Studies
Functionalist perpective
Moral Individualism
Elementary forms of the religious life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Society is a product of the everyday interactions of people doing things together
Self Theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Social actors
Symbolic interactionism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Georg Simmel (1858-1918)
A sociology of forms
Numbers matter
Numerical shifts transform social interaction
Group limit for complete participation
6 for conversation
Dyad - intense
Triad – more stable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Civilizing Process
Figurational sociology
“the network of inter-dependencies among human beings is what binds them together” (Elias, 1978: 261)
Civilising: socialisation, rationalisation, individualisation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Experiments breaking the “background expectancies”/rules as a way of studying them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Social patterns around our feelings
Time, place, “fit” of feeling
Funerals, weddings
The Managed Heart
The Stalled Revolution
The Second Shift |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bowling Alone
A significant decline in social bonding within families, friends and communities
Social capital: those connections among individuals over time which create social bonds.
Americans have been ‘pulled apart from one another and our communities’ (Putnam, 2001: 180) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Tipping Point
The Law of the Few
Connectors
They know lots of people
They know lots of different kinds of people
The Law of Stickiness
The likelihood that a message will stick
The Power of Context
Group assumptions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psychoanalytic Theories
Id, Ego, Superego
Gender Socialization Studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Post Structuralist Theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thomas Laqueur (1990) ‘two-sex model’ emerged in 18th century
new discourse of sexual types: hetero, homo, bisexual
two-sex model still underlying notion of bisexuality/categories |
|
|
