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Definition
| theory that the mind is a blank slate at birth (pro-nurture) |
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Term
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| argument that development progresses through a series of stages, that are completed sequentially. Qualitative. |
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| development as a steady growth process that is occurs in small steps. Quantitative. |
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Term
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Definition
| ex. Erikson. believed that development is a process that continues throughout someone's entire life. |
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Term
| Child Development theorist(s) |
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Definition
| ex. Freud and Piaget. believed that development was complete once the person hit adolescence. |
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Definition
| studies focused on how development is similiar across all types of cultures and situations. Piaget. |
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Term
| context-specific development |
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Definition
| studies focused on how a cultural context plays a roll in human development. Bronfenbrenner. |
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Term
| name the 6 theoretical perspectives and their corresponding theorists. |
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Definition
| 1. cognitive-developmental theory. Piaget & Kohlberg 2. learning theory or behaviorist theory. Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Bandura. 3. social cognitive theory. Bandura 4. psychodynamic theory. Freud & Erikson 5. Sociocultural theory. Vygotsky & Bronfenbrenner. 6. Evolutionary theory. Lorenz & Bowlby. |
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Term
| cognitive-developmental theory |
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Definition
| notion that cognitive abilities (one's ability to think) are developed as individuals mature physiologically and have opportunities to interact with their environment. |
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Term
| accommodation vs. assimilation |
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Definition
| accommodation is the process of modifying an existing scheme in order to include a new experience. assimilation is the process of modifying an experience to make it fit into a preexisting scheme. |
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Definition
| constructing ideas derived from an active exploration of his or her environment |
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Term
| information processing approach |
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Definition
| uses the computer as a metaphor for the human mind and studies how the human mind processes information. developmental progress are described as being an increase in processing speed and capacity. |
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Term
| Piaget's stages of cognitive development |
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Definition
| sensorimotor- birth to age 2 pre-operational- 2 to 7 concrete operations- 7 to 11 formal operations- 11 to 15 |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive development stage 1 (birth-2) infants develop object permanence and symbolic representation during this stage. |
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Definition
| cognitive development stage 2 (ages 2-7) child can use symbolic representations but cannot think logically. egocentrism. |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive development stage 3 (ages 7-11) child develops the ability to think logically with concrete objects and concepts, but cannot reason logically about abstract concepts. |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive development stage 4 (ages 11-15) engage in logical, abstract, hypothetical thought |
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Term
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Definition
| an organized pattern of thought or action that become more logical and organized as the child progresses. |
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Term
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| imbalance that occurs when a child's experience does not fit into preexisting schema. This psychological state is the motivation for developmental change. |
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Term
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Definition
| suggest that behavior is controlled by stimulus in the environment. |
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Term
| components of classical conditioning |
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Definition
UCS-unconditioned stimulus: dog food
UCR-unconditioned response: saliva with dog food
CS-conditioned stimulus: bell
CR-conditioned response: saliva with bell |
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Term
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Definition
| when a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli similar to original CS (ex. wind chimes instead of bell) |
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Definition
| process of conditioning a response to only occur after a specific stimulus |
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Definition
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| Watson's Little Albert study |
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Definition
| presenting child with a rat paired with a frightening noise to elicit fear. |
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Term
| Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory |
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Definition
| behavior can be modified by reward or punishment. |
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Definition
| social cognitive term coined by bandura. one can learn a behavior by simply watching someone else do it. |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective judgment a person makes that he or she will be successful in the attempt to imitate a model. |
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Term
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Definition
| the affect that seeing a model being reinforced has in observational learning. (more likely that person will imitate if he sees that the model is being reinforced) |
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Term
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Definition
| in order to understand someone's personality, their subconscious must be investigated. |
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Term
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Definition
develops at birth
pleasure principle; unconscious instincts; irrational; seeks instant gratification; contains the libido |
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