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| any exchange between a sender and reciever |
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| the sounds used to convey language |
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| Standardized set of symbols and knowledge about how to combine those symbols into words, sentences, and texts to convey thoughts and feelings |
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| linguistic representation of objects, ideas, feelings, and events and the relationships between these |
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| mental dictionary of all the words that we know |
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| Phonology, Morphology, Syntax |
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Definition
study of sounds we use to make language
smallest meaningful unit of speech |
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| smallest grammatical unit that has meaning; free & bound morphemes |
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| linguistic conventions for organizing word order; formal term for grammar |
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| rules of language that help us decide what to say to whom, how to say it, and when to say it |
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| 3 Characteristics of Human Language |
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Definition
1. Productivity
2. Semanticity
3. Displacement |
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Definition
-unlimited number of utterances
- novel utterances can make up new utterances
- "forget" words can be combined "forgetful"
- words can change or can have multiple meanings |
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Definition
- symbolic/ representation
- objects/events
- abstract ideas |
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| can talk about things that aren't in front of us; past and future |
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| refers to the fact that language as we know it is specific to our species and not to others |
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| refers to the observation that the major milestones of language occur in the same way and at the same general time in all members of the species |
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Term
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Definition
| acquired language disorder caused from brain injury because of stroke, aneurysm, trauma |
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Definition
| refers to the observation that the major milestones of language occur in the same way and at the same general time in all members of the species |
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Term
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Definition
Located in the posterior portion of the LH; involved in the production and sequencing of sounds and words
Broca's aphasia - difficulties of production/planning |
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Term
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Definition
Located in the temporal lobe of the LH; responsible of comprehension
Wernicke's Apashia - less difficulties with production but comprehension is impaired |
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Definition
| the thought that even though you cant see something doesn't mean it doesn't exist; 8-12 months of age |
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Definition
| understanding of how to attain a goal |
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| 3 stages of Infant Communication Development |
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Definition
1. Perlocutionary
2. Illocutionary
3. Locutionary |
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Term
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Definition
Birth-8 months;
Caregivers interpret infant communication as though it's intentional but it's not
Differentiated crying, cooing, babbling |
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Term
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Definition
8-12 months;
Emergence of intentional communication; use idiosyncratic signals to communicate |
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Definition
12-18 months;
Child uses words, signs, symbols to communicate; now has full cognitive understanding of intentional communication |
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Term
| Intentional Communication |
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Definition
1. Eye Contact
2. Consistent use of gestures/vocalizations
3. Waits for response
4. Persists in effort if not understood |
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Definition
| Reflected in pitch, loudness, and length of sounds; two components of prosody are: Intonation and Stress |
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Definition
| Pitch changes across words |
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Definition
| pitch and loudness changes within a word |
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Definition
| Reflects changes in phoneme production intonation AND stress |
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Term
| 5 stages of speech production |
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Definition
1. Phonation
2. Cooing
3. Vocal Play
4. Canonical babbling
5. Jargon |
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Term
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Definition
Birth to 2 Months; perlocutionary
reflective sounds, vegetative sounds, vocal tract similar to nonhuman primate |
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Definition
2-4 months; perlocutionary
Vowels sounds/ nasal like sounds |
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Definition
4-6 months; perlocutionary
More pitch and loudness changes, vowels + consanants, marginal babbling begins |
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Term
| Stage 4. Canonical Babbling |
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Definition
6 months +, Perlocutionary/Illocutionary
True speech sounds occur, reduplicated babbling, vareigiated babbling |
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Term
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Definition
10 months +, Locutionary
Variegated babbling, Protowords |
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