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the term newborn
Linton
193
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
04/28/2023
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Term
covers the physical characteristics and nursing assessment of the normal term newborn by body system
 Definition
phase 3 care of the newborn
Term
directs most of the body's activity
 Definition
the nervous system
Term
newborns can move their arms and legs vigorously but cannot
 Definition
control them
Term
when the infant is lifted from the bed, the head will fall back, because the newborn cannot maintain neutral position of the head
 Definition
head lag
Term
reflexes that full term infants are born with:
 Definition
blinking, sneezing, gagging, sucking and grasping
Term
if the crib is jarred, infants draw their legs up and the arms fan out and then come toward midlines in an embrace position
 Definition
moro reflex
Term
the abscence of moro reflex may indicate abnormalities of the
 Definition
nervous system
Term
cause the infancts head to turn in the direction of anything that touches the cheek in anticipation of food
 Definition
rooting reflex
Term
the head is turned to one side, the arm and leg are extended on the same side and the opposit arm and leg are flexed in a fencing position
 Definition
tonic neck reflex
Term
the tonic neck reflex disappears by the
 Definition
sevonth month
Term
prancing movements of the legs seen when an infant is held upright on the examining table
 Definition
daning/stepping reflex
Term
normal range of the head circumference of newborns
 Definition
32 to 36 cm
Term
the conforming of the fetal head to the size of the birht canal
 Definition
molding
Term
swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp
 Definition
caput succedaneum
Term
caput succedaneum gradually subsides without
 Definition
treatment
Term
caused by a collection of blood beneath the preosteum of the cranial bone
 Definition
cephalohematoma
Term
cephalohematoma may be seen on _ sides of the head but does not cross the _
 Definition
one or both, suture line
Term
cephalohematoma usuall recedes within a few _ without treatment
 Definition
weeks
Term
unossified spaces or soft spots on the cranium of a young infant
 Definition
fontanells
Term
diamon shaped and located at the junction of two parietal and two frontal bones
 Definition
anterior fontanelle
Term
anterior fontanells usually closes by age
 Definition
12 to 18 months
Term
triangular and is located between the occipital and parietal bones
 Definition
posterior fontanelle
Term
posterior fontanell is usually ossified by the end of the
 Definition
second month
Term
the healthy newborn can see and fixate on points of
 Definition
contrast
Term
most newborns appear _ because their eye muscle coordination is not fully developed
 Definition
cross eyed
Term
at first the newborn's eyes appear
 Definition
blue or grey
Term
permanent coloring becomes fixed between ages
 Definition
6 and 12 months
Term
tears do no appear until approx age
 Definition
1 to 3 months
Term
an imaginary line drawn from the _ of the eye should be even with the upper tip of the _ of the ear
 Definition
outer canthus, pinna
Term
a small skin tag or pit on the outside of the ear that is sometimes seen as a variation in newborns and documented but rarely of medical significance
 Definition
ear tag
Term
the newborn will react to a sudden sound with an increas in
 Definition
pulls rate and respirations or display of the startle reflex
Term
the ability for newborn to discriminate between the mother's voice and the voices of others may occur as early as age
 Definition
3 days
Term
the infant will respond to voices by _ and _
 Definition
reducing motor activity and sucking activity, turnign head toward the sound
Term
analyzes hearing by sending a series of soft clicks into the sleeping infants ear
 Definition
ALGO
Term
the infants brain responds to the ALGO hearing test with a specific brain wave that is referred to as an
 Definition
auditory brainstem response
Term
measures sounds from the chohlea in response to sound stimulation
 Definition
OAE
Term
OAE stands for
 Definition
otoacoustic emissions tes
Term
the nurse should not _ into newborn's ear
 Definition
insert applicators
Term
the neonate sleeps approx
 Definition
15 to 20 hrs/day
Term
phases of sleep wake states at birth
 Definition
first reactive phase, sleep phase, second reactive phase, stability phase
Term
during th efirst 30 minutes of life the newborn is alert
 Definition
first reactive phase
Term
the best time to initiate bonding between the parent and newborn
 Definition
first reactive phase
Term
during the next few hours of life the infant gradually becomes sleepire and less responsive
 Definition
sleep phase
Term
after a deep sleep the infant again becomes responsive and alert
 Definition
seond reactive phase
Term
after 24 hrs the sleep wake pattern becomes for staiblized
 Definition
stability phase
Term
an infant held upright on the shoulder and rocked in a vertical fashion is likely to maintain an
 Definition
alert state
Term
specific patterns of reactivity that can influence the response to stimuli and bonding
 Definition
quiet sleep, REM sleep, active alert, quiet alert, crying, transitional
Term
infant sleeps and does not move
 Definition
quiet sleep
Term
eye movements are eveident beneath the eyelid and lum and mouth movment may be seen
 Definition
REM sleep
Term
respirations are more irregular during
 Definition
REM sleep
Term
the infant displays difuse motor activity
 Definition
activ ealret
Term
the infant is awake relzxed and quiet
 Definition
quiet alert
Term
the infant is most responsive to testing and bonding efforts during this stage
 Definition
quiet alert
Term
infant's cry is accompanied by vigorous motor activit of extrmities
 Definition
transitional
Term
fibers that conduct pain stimulat to the spinal cord that are in place early in fetal life
 Definition
nociceptors
Term
newborns should be _ for pain when discomfort is anticipated
 Definition
medicated
Term
untreated pain in early infacy can have
 Definition
long term effects
Term
the pain pathways and structures required for long term memory are well developed by
 Definition
24 wks gestation
Term
unrelieved pain can also cause _ and can
 Definition
exhaustion an irritability, slow the healing process
Term
examples of pain assessment tools for infants
 Definition
COMFORT, FLACC, PIPP, NIPS, NPASS
Term
COMFORT is a 7 point scale that includes
 Definition
alertness, calmness, muscle tone, movement, facial tension, resp respons and two physiological items
Term
in the COMFORT scale each itiem is socred form _ with a _ cumulative score indicating increased _
 Definition
1 to 5, high, destress
Term
CRIES is a 10 point scale that includes:
 Definition
facial expresion, cry, movement of the arms and legs, consolability, and O2 sat
Term
CRIES component are scored from
 Definition
0 to 2
Term
CRIES stands for
 Definition
cry, requires oxygen, increased vital signs, expresion on face, sleeplessnes
Term
measures the pain of infants
 Definition
FLACC
Term
FLACC parameters include
 Definition
face, legs, activity, cry and consolability
Term
FLACC parameter is scored from _ with a _ cumulative socre indication _
 Definition
0 to 2, higher, increased distress
Term
PIPP
 Definition
premature infant pain profile
Term
PIPP is based on scales similar to the
 Definition
CRIES scale
Term
PIPP rates
 Definition
eye squeeze, nasal labial furrow, heart rate, oxygen saturation and the brow furrow
Term
PIPP rates parameter on a scale of _ with _ indicating the worst level of pain
 Definition
0 to 3, 21
Term
NIPS is based on scales similar to the
 Definition
CRIES scale
Term
NIPS rates
 Definition
facial expresion, arm movement, cry, leg movement, respiration and arousal
Term
NIPS rates pain on a scale of _ with _ indication the worst level of pain
 Definition
0 to 2, 7
Term
NIPS
 Definition
NEONATAL INFANT PAIN SCALE
Term
NPASS
 Definition
neonatal pain, agitaion and sedation scale
Term
NPASS scores are given for
 Definition
crying or irritability, behavioral state, facial expression, tone of extrmeities, vital signs, oxygen saturation
Term
scores in NPASS are _ for sedated infants to _ for agitated infants
 Definition
-2, +2
Term
Evaluation of pain in the neonate can be based on changes in
 Definition
vital signs and behavior, decreased 02 sat rates
Term
nonivasive methods of pain relief of rnewborn
 Definition
swaddling with the hand near the mouth, cuddling, rockin, nonnutritive sucking, quiet environment
Term
effective pain reliever for minor procedures
 Definition
oral sucrose
Term
topical anestetics that can be sued safely for sever pain
 Definition
morphine, fentanyl, topical anestetics
Term
techniqe that can be sued to reduce crying episodes when the infant is in pain as a result of an intrusive procedure
 Definition
fold both of infants arms toward center of it's chest and hold the infant firmly in a face down position at 45 degree angle with dominant hand suporting the chin

place non dominant hand in the diper area and gently move infant's hips back and forth
Term
unconscious repsonse ot external stimulus (learned over time)
 Definition
condition response
Term
measures the inherent neurological capacities of the newborn and responses to selected stimuli
 Definition
neonatal behavioral assessment scale
Term
neonatal behavioral assessment scale tests:
 Definition
alertness, response to visual and auditory simuli, motor coordination, level excitment, organizational process in respons to stress
Term
first breath of an infant helps to
 Definition
expand the collapsed lungs
Term
most critical period for the newborn
 Definition
first hour of life
Term
when clearing mucus with a bulb syringe the tip is inserted into the _ of the motuh to avoid stimulation the
 Definition
side, gag reflex
Term
five signs measure for the Apgar
 Definition
heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflexes and color
Term
sternal retractions are reported
 Definition
immediately
Term
caused by blood leaking through openeings that have not yet closed
 Definition
murmurs
Term
result form blood passing thorugh normal valves
 Definition
functional murmurs
Term
caused by blood passing thro abnormal openings
 Definition
organic murmurs
Term
the infants body temp falls immediatley after birht but within a few hours it clibes slowly to a range of
 Definition
36.6 to 37.2 (97.8 to 98.9)
Term
temp increases through metabolism of brown adipose tissue
 Definition
nonshivering thermogenesis
Term
the temp of the nursery or mother's room is kept at
 Definition
21 to 24C (69 to 75)
Term
the humity of the ruoom should be between
 Definition
45 and 55%
Term
the infants extremities are _ than the rest of the body
 Definition
cooler
Term
the infant displays difuse motor activity
 Definition
activ ealret
Term
the infant is awake relzxed and quiet
 Definition
quiet alert
Term
the infant is most responsive to testing and bonding efforts during this stage
 Definition
quiet alert
Term
infant's cry is accompanied by vigorous motor activit of extrmities
 Definition
transitional
Term
fibers that conduct pain stimulat to the spinal cord that are in place early in fetal life
 Definition
nociceptors
Term
newborns should be _ for pain when discomfort is anticipated
 Definition
medicated
Term
untreated pain in early infacy can have
 Definition
long term effects
Term
the pain pathways and structures required for long term memory are well developed by
 Definition
24 wks gestation
Term
unrelieved pain can also cause _ and can
 Definition
exhaustion an irritability, slow the healing process
Term
examples of pain assessment tools for infants
 Definition
COMFORT, FLACC, PIPP, NIPS, NPASS
Term
COMFORT is a 7 point scale that includes
 Definition
alertness, calmness, muscle tone, movement, facial tension, resp respons and two physiological items
Term
in the COMFORT scale each itiem is socred form _ with a _ cumulative score indicating increased _
 Definition
1 to 5, high, destress
Term
CRIES is a 10 point scale that includes:
 Definition
facial expresion, cry, movement of the arms and legs, consolability, and O2 sat
Term
CRIES component are scored from
 Definition
0 to 2
Term
CRIES stands for
 Definition
cry, requires oxygen, increased vital signs, expresion on face, sleeplessnes
Term
measures the pain of infants
 Definition
FLACC
Term
FLACC parameters include
 Definition
face, legs, activity, cry and consolability
Term
FLACC parameter is scored from _ with a _ cumulative socre indication _
 Definition
0 to 2, higher, increased distress
Term
PIPP
 Definition
premature infant pain profile
Term
PIPP is based on scales similar to the
 Definition
CRIES scale
Term
PIPP rates
 Definition
eye squeeze, nasal labial furrow, heart rate, oxygen saturation and the brow furrow
Term
PIPP rates parameter on a scale of _ with _ indicating the worst level of pain
 Definition
0 to 3, 21
Term
NIPS is based on scales similar to the
 Definition
CRIES scale
Term
NIPS rates
 Definition
facial expresion, arm movement, cry, leg movement, respiration and arousal
Term
NIPS rates pain on a scale of _ with _ indication the worst level of pain
 Definition
0 to 2, 7
Term
NIPS
 Definition
NEONATAL INFANT PAIN SCALE
Term
NPASS
 Definition
neonatal pain, agitaion and sedation scale
Term
NPASS scores are given for
 Definition
crying or irritability, behavioral state, facial expression, tone of extrmeities, vital signs, oxygen saturation
Term
scores in NPASS are _ for sedated infants to _ for agitated infants
 Definition
-2, +2
Term
Evaluation of pain in the neonate can be based on changes in
 Definition
vital signs and behavior, decreased 02 sat rates
Term
nonivasive methods of pain relief of rnewborn
 Definition
swaddling with the hand near the mouth, cuddling, rockin, nonnutritive sucking, quiet environment
Term
effective pain reliever for minor procedures
 Definition
oral sucrose
Term
topical anestetics that can be sued safely for sever pain
 Definition
morphine, fentanyl, topical anestetics
Term
techniqe that can be sued to reduce crying episodes when the infant is in pain as a result of an intrusive procedure
 Definition
fold both of infants arms toward center of it's chest and hold the infant firmly in a face down position at 45 degree angle with dominant hand suporting the chin

place non dominant hand in the diper area and gently move infant's hips back and forth
Term
unconscious repsonse ot external stimulus (learned over time)
 Definition
condition response
Term
measures the inherent neurological capacities of the newborn and responses to selected stimuli
 Definition
neonatal behavioral assessment scale
Term
neonatal behavioral assessment scale tests:
 Definition
alertness, response to visual and auditory simuli, motor coordination, level excitment, organizational process in respons to stress
Term
first breath of an infant helps to
 Definition
expand the collapsed lungs
Term
most critical period for the newborn
 Definition
first hour of life
Term
when clearing mucus with a bulb syringe the tip is inserted into the _ of the motuh to avoid stimulation the
 Definition
side, gag reflex
Term
five signs measure for the Apgar
 Definition
heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflexes and color
Term
sternal retractions are reported
 Definition
immediately
Term
caused by blood leaking through openeings that have not yet closed
 Definition
murmurs
Term
result form blood passing thorugh normal valves
 Definition
functional murmurs
Term
caused by blood passing thro abnormal openings
 Definition
organic murmurs
Term
the infants body temp falls immediatley after birht but within a few hours it clibes slowly to a range of
 Definition
36.6 to 37.2 (97.8 to 98.9)
Term
temp increases through metabolism of brown adipose tissue
 Definition
nonshivering thermogenesis
Term
the temp of the nursery or mother's room is kept at
 Definition
21 to 24C (69 to 75)
Term
the humity of the ruoom should be between
 Definition
45 and 55%
Term
the infants extremities are _ than the rest of the body
 Definition
cooler
Term
a quiverign or shivering like tremor of the chin may be notcied in the nwborn but it is evidence of an
 Definition
immature neurological system
Term
the average blood pressure at birht is
 Definition
80/46
Term
the full term infant's resistance to atempts to bring one elbow farther than the mildine of the chest
 Definition
scarf sign
Term
constant tremors during sleep may be _ and should be reported
 Definition
pathological
Term
averagn lengthe of the newborn
 Definition
46 to 56 cm
Term
in the first 3 to 4 days after birth the infant losses about _ of the birth weight
 Definition
5 to 10%
Term
weight loss may be about _ for preterm infants
 Definition
15%
Term
the infant will regain birth weight by
 Definition
10 days of age
Term
Infants with congenital anomalies of the penis such as _ should not be circumcised
 Definition
hypospadias
Term
two devices commonly usd for performing circumcisions
 Definition
gamco clamp, plastibel clamp
Term
if the gamco clamp is used a thin layer of _ may be applied to the end of the penis to protect it from mosture and from sticking to the diaper
 Definition
protroleum jelly
Term
the rim of plastibell clamp usually falls off after
 Definition
5 to 8 days of circumsion
Term
a _ ring encircling the plastic rim of the plastibell is natural
 Definition
dark brown or black
Term
the infant is not fed for _ hours
 Definition
1 to 2 hours
Term
white pinpoint pimples caused by the obstruciton of sebaceous glands
 Definition
milia
Term
milia are usually seen on the
 Definition
nose and chin
Term
milia type lesions on the midline of the hard palate
 Definition
epsteins pearls
Term
caused by a collectiono fepithelial cells
 Definition
epsteins pearls
Term
bluish dicolorations of the skin
 Definition
mongolian spots
Term
mongolian spots are common in infants of
 Definition
african american, native american and mediteranean descent
Term
mongolian spots are usually found over the
 Definition
sacral and glutela areas
Term
peeling of the skin occurs during the early weeks of life
 Definition
desqaumation
Term
pysiological jaundic also called
 Definition
ictrus neonatorum
Term
plasma levles of bilirubin increase from a normal _ to an average _ between the _
 Definition
1mg/dl, 5 to 6mg/dL, 2nd and 4th day
Term
two commonly sued methods to asses jaundice
 Definition
icterometer, transcutaneous bilirubin measurment
Term
a plastic strip with increasingly deeper yellow stripes representing levels of jaundice
 Definition
icterometer
Term
not recommended because they can alter the normal pH of the newborn's skin
 Definition
Alkaline soaps, oils and lotions
Term
the inant need only be bathed _ a week using plain warm water during neonatal period
 Definition
2 or 3 times
Term
temp of bath water should be approx _ in a warm room environment at _
 Definition
37.8c (100F), 24 to 27C( 75 to 80
Term
loos and greenish yellow stools with mucsh
 Definition
transitional stools
Term
the stools of a breast fed inant are
 Definition
bright yellow, soft and pasty
Term
when an infant is under phototherapy lamp stools are
 Definition
green
Term
evidence of newborn hunger
 Definition
crying restlessness, fist sucking and evident rooting reflex
Term
feeding the newborn often stiumlates the
 Definition
gastrocolic reflex
Term
after feeding, infants should be positioned on the
 Definition
right side
Term
Deficiencies that limit fat absorption
 Definition
pancreatic enzymes such as lipase
Term
salivary glands do not secrete saliva until the infant is age
 Definition
2 to 3 months
Term
drooling in the newborn is considered a sign of
 Definition
pathological disturbance (should be reported)
Term
immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta nd provides the newborn with passive immunity to infections to to which the mother was immune
 Definition
immunoglbulin G
Term
Imunoglobulin g rarely lasts longer than
 Definition
3 months
Term
an immunoglbulin produced by the newborn
 Definition
immunoglobulin M
Term
elevated level of Imunnoglobulin M suggests
 Definition
serious infection
Term
an immunoglobulin prodced after the neonatal period that is contained in breast milk and provides some resistance to respiratory and gastrointestinal infection
 Definition
Immunioglobulin A
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