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| argued that in the effort to think critically about the social world round us, we need to use our sociological imagination to see the connection between our personal experience and the larger force of history |
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. a willingness to view the social world from the perspective of others.
.involves moving away from thinking in terms of the individual and his/her's problems, focusing rather on the social circumstances that produce social problems |
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a group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role
.shape every aspect of our behavior |
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| a grand negative that unifies these stories with in the network |
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| How we change/construct Social institution |
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| .we change/construct social institutions through ordinary interactions and the meaning we ascribe to them. |
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Conflict Theory
.writings provided basis for communism
.elaborated a theory of what drive history (historical materialism)
.believed that it was primarily the conflicts between classes that drove social change throughout history
.Saw history as an account of man's struggle to gain control and later dominate his natural environment |
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.Functionalist
.Argued that the division of labor didn't just affect work an productivity but instead had social and moral consequences as well
.order and stability
. 5 institution of society
.independent |
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| Five instituions of Society |
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Definition
.Family
.Religion
.Economics
.Education
.Politics |
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.Functionalist
.Manifest Functions
.Latent Functions |
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the consequences tat people observe or expect. It's explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action
ex. school's purpose is to educate. People that go to school expect to be educated in some form. |
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.those that are neither recognized nor interested.
.behavior is not explicitly stated, recognized or intended by the people involved. Thus, they are identified observers.
Ex. In the example of rain ceremony, the latent function reinforces the group identity by prodding a regular opportunity for the member f a group to meet and engage in a common activity. |
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| theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important (or necessary) function to keep society running. |
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.emphasize equality between men and women and want to see women's lives and experiences represented in sociological studies
.focused on defining concepts such as sex and gender
.ending gender oppression
.equality between sexes
.intersection analysis
.race, class, gender |
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.eschewed big theories of society (macrosociology) and instead focused on how face-to-face interactions create the social world (microsociology)
.W.I. Thomas- definition of a situation
.C.H.Cooley "looking glass self" |
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| a set of beliefs, traditions, and practices. |
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| the belief that one's own culture or group is superior to other and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of ones own. |
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| taking into account the differences across cultures without passing judgement or assigning value |
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| everything that is a part of our constructed physical environment, including technology |
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| values, beliefs, behaviors, and social noms. |
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| a system of concepts & relationships, and understanding of cause and effect |
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| the distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular group in society |
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| the values & norms of a cultural group or subculture |
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| how values tell us to behave |
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| idea that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships int the public sphere, a screen onto which the film of the underlying reality or social structures of society is projected |
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| a condition by which a dominant group uses its power to elicit the voluntary "consent" of the masses |
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| domination involves getting people to do what you want by fear. |
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| any transgression of socially established norm. |
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| Functionalst approach to deviance |
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| a functionalist approach explains the existence of social phenomena by the functions they perform |
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| author of The Division of Labor in Society |
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| social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day-to-day basis |
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| social cohesion based on sameness |
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social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts
Restitution-someone has to pay |
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| .those mechanism that create normative compliance in individuals |
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| mechanism of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior |
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| Informal Social Sanctions |
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| the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership, the unspoken rules of social life. |
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| how well you are integrated into your social group or community |
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| the number of rules guiding your daily life and more specifically, what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day-to-day basis |
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| suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated into a social group. |
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| suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration (religious) |
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| suicide that occurs as a result of too little social regulation. |
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| suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation (prisoners). |
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| a ensue of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable: too little social regulation |
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| that the real problem behind anomie occurs when a society holds out the same goals to all its members but does not give the equal ability to achieve these goals (strain theory) |
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.robert merton
.means ends theory of deviance
.deviance occurs when a society does not give all its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals |
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| accepts both the goals and strategies to achieve them that are considered social acceptable. |
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| a person who rejects socially defined goals but not he mean |
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| social deviant who accepts socially acceptable goods but rejects socially acceptable means to achieve them |
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.completely stop participating in socitey
.reject both socially acceptable means and goals |
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| individual who rejecs socially acceptable goals and means but wants to alter or destroy the social institutions from which he or she is alienated |
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| Symbolic Interactionalist |
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.our inner thoughts and everyday interacts with eachother
.including how others see us and how we respond to our surroundings. |
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| belief that individuals subconscious notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels, overtime, form the basis of their self-identity |
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.first act of rule breaking
.might behave differently as a result of what people think of you or how they treat you |
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.deviant acts that occur after primary devaince
.in result of new deviant label |
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| a negative social label that not only changes your behavior toward a person but also alters that person's own self-concept and social identity |
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| Broken windows theory of deviance |
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.explains how social context and social cues impact the way individuals act
specifically whether local, informal social norms allow such acts |
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| a more formal sort of evince not only subject to social sanction but also punishable by law |
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| crime committed in public |
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| offese committed by professional against a corporation, agency, or other institution. |
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| a particular type of white-collar crime committed by the officer (CEOs) of a corporation |
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| crime results from a rational calculation of the costs and benefits of criminal activity |
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| an individual who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts back to criminal behavior |
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| theorized about how places lie prisons and menial health hospitals provide an important link in the way that deviance may be reproduced through the effects of these institution and potential breeding found for deviance |
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| institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day to day life |
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| .conflict between competing interest is the basic cause of social change |
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| how face to face iterations create the social world |
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| According to Sapir-Whorf hypothesis the language we speak directly influences and reflects the way we think about and see the world |
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| .foucuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a mutually shared social order |
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| the view of social life as a theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical stages, with roles scripts, costumes, and sets |
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| the experience of learning a culture's norms, values and so on., |
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| while we operate within limits that lately are not of our own making, we make choices about how to interact with our environment |
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| people shaping themselves based on other people's perception, which leads the people to reinforce other people's perspectives on themselves. |
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cooed the term"the looking class"
.wrote humanin nature and the social order |
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| furthe elaborated the process which social self develops in 1930 |
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| ones sense of agency,action, or power |
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the self as perceived as an object by the I.
.as the self as one imagines others perceive one |
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| someone or something outside of oneself |
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.Families
.School
.Peer
.Sports
.Media |
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| one's social values,beliefs, and norms are challenged and reformulated in response to spending a significant amount of time in a very different environment |
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| regonizable social position that an individual occupies |
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| duties and behaviors associated with a particular status |
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| the incompatibility amog rules corresponding to a single status |
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| tension caused by competing demands between the two or more roles with in different statuses |
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| all the statuses you ave at any given time |
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| one status with in a set that stands out or overrides all others |
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| allows them to apply norms and behaviors learned in specific situations to new situations |
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