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The Scarlet Letter
Every word ever.
120
English
11th Grade
11/07/2011

Additional English Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
abash[ed] (adj.) (v)
Definition

(adj.): exhibiting mental discomfort, ill at ease (adj.)

(v): to destroy the self-confidence, poise, or self-possession of; disconcert; make ashamed or embarrassed

Forms: abashed (adj.), abashment (noun), abashedly (adverb), abash (verb)


Synonyms: shame, discompose, embarrass, ashamed, bewildered, bugged, crushed, mortified, shamed, taken back

Antonyms: composed, proud, reassured, emboldened

Term
abate (v)
Definition

to reduce in amount, degree, intensity, lessen; diminish

 

 


Forms:abate (verb), abatable (adj.), unabatablely (adv.)

Synonyms: decrease, weaken, decline, moderate, recede, reduce, tamper, diminish, dull, dwindle, allay
Antonyms:
increase, intensify, amplify, enhance, enlarge, extend, magnify, prolong, revive, rise

 

 

 

Term
antinomian (adj.)
Definition

One who holds that under the gospel dispensation of grace the moral law is of no use or obligation because faith alone is necessary to salvation; one who rejects a socially established morality.


Forms: antinomian(adj) antinomanism (n)

 

Term
augur (v)
Definition

To foretell especially from omens


Forms: augur (v); augury (n)

Synonyms: portend, herald, be a sign of, warn of, forewarn of, foreshadow,be an omen of, presage, indicate, signify,signal, promise, threaten, spell, denote


Term
behoof (n)/behoove/behest (v)
Definition

(v): to hold, make use of, use

(n): advantage; benefit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forms: behoof (n), behooves (v)

Synonym: be obligatory for, be required of, be expected of, be appropriate for


Term
brazen (adj.)
Definition

Marked by flagrant and insolent audacity, shameless or impudent; made of brass; like brass, as in sound, color, or strength.


Forms: brazen (adj) brazenly (adv) brazenness(n)

Synonyms: brassy, insolent, defiant, barefaced, audacious, boldfaced, bodacious, bold

Antonyms: humble, meek, shy, timid, shamefaced

Term
cloister (n) (v)
Definition

(n): A covered walk, especially in a religious institution, having an open arcade or colonnade usually opening onto a courtyard; a place of religious seclusion, as a monastery or convent; a ny quiet, secludedplace; life in a monastery orconvent.

(v): to confine in a monastery, or confine in general.

 

Forms: cloister (n) (v), cloister-like (adjective)

Synonyms:abbey, colonnade, hermitage, portico, sanctuary

Antonyms: liberate, uncover, open

Term
congenial (adj.)
Definition

agreeable, suitable, or pleasing in nature or character, suited or adapted in spirit, feeling, temper, etc.;compatible


Forms: congenial (adj.), congenialness (n), congenially (adv.)

Synonyms: favorable, pleasant, complaisant, sympathetic

Antonyms: disagreeable, cantankerous, unsuitable

Term
genial (adj.)
Definition

warmly and pleasantly cheerful; cordial; favorable for life, growth, or comfort; pleasantly warm;comfortably mild


Forms: genial (adjective), genially (adverb), geniality (noun)

Synonyms: friendly, hearty, pleasant, agreeable

Antonyms: cold, barren, aloof, cranky, unhappy, unfriendly

Term
contumely (n)
Definition

scornful or insulting language or behavior, a humiliating or scornful insult, harsh language or treatment arising from haughtiness, an insult


Forms: contumelious (adj.),contumaciously(adv.),contumeliousness (n)

Synonyms: abuse, scorn, disdain, rudeness, contempt, derision, arrogance, humiliation, insolence, reproach

Antonyms: compliment, flattery, applause, adulation, commendation, acclaim, approval, appreciation, congratulations, veneration, honor

Term
culprit (n)
Definition

a person or other agent guilty of or responsible for an offense or fault; a person arraigned for an offense; the source or cause of a problem


Forms: culprit (n)

Synonyms: convict, criminal, culprit, felon, fugitive, malefactor, miscreant, offender, transgressor, sinner, wrongdoer, outlaw, perpetrator, delinquent

Antonyms: law, police

Term
edifice (n)
Definition

a building, especially one of large size or imposing appearance; any large, complex system or organization


Forms: edifice (n), edificial  (adj.)

Synonyms: cathedral, hall, palace, tower, product of construction, structure, architecture, armature, cadre, configuration, framework, infrastructure

Antonyms: destruction, disfigurement, disorganization, ruins

Term
eloquence (n)
Definition

the practice or art of using language with fluency and aptness; eloquent language or discourse


Forms: eloquence (noun) eloquent  (adjective)

Synonyms: articulation, expression, vivacity, delivery, dramatic, facility, rhetoric

Antonyms: dullness, inarticulateness, mispronunciation, discouragement, unpreparedness



Term
eminence (n)
Definition

importance, fame


Forms: eminence (n); eminent (adj.); eminently (adv.)

Synonyms: authority, celebrity, credit, dignity, distinction, esteem, fame, glory, greatness, honor, illustriousness, renown, prestige, superiority

Antonyms: inferior, unimportant, unknown, undistinguished, disrespected, unremarkable

Term
evanescent (adj.)
Definition

transient; passing out of sight, memory, or existence


Forms: evanescent (adj.); evanesce (v); evanescently (adv.); evanescence (n)

Synonyms: brief, disappearing, fading, fleeting, momentary, passing, short-lived, temporary,  tenuous, vanishing, evaporation

Antonyms: permanent, lasting, long-lived, everlasting, enduring, lengthy, perpetual


Term
exhort (v)
Definition

to urge, advise, or caution earnestly, exhortative: serving or intended to exhort, ex’horatory: acting or intended to encourage, incite, or advise


Forms: exhort (v), exhortingly (adv.), unexhorted (adj.), exhortative (adj.), exhoratory (adj.), exhorter (n)

Synonyms: admonish, advise, beseech, caution, insist

Antonyms: deter, discourage, dissuade

Term
expound (v)
Definition

to set forth or state in detail, expounder: a person who explains


Forms: expound (v), expounder (n)

Synonyms: clarify, describe, explain, explicate, express

Antonyms: confuse, muddle

Term
garb (n) (v)
Definition

(n): afashionormodeofdress,especiallyofadistinctive

(v):to dress

 

Forms:garb (noun) [to] garb (verb)

Synonyms: apparel, appearance, outfits, rags, attire, clothes, dress, garment

Antonyms: reveal, take-off, unclothe, uncover

Term
heterogeneous (adj.)
Definition

differing in structure, different in kind; unlike; incongruous


Forms: heterogeneous (adj.)

Synonyms: different, dissimilar, unlike, odd, opposed, diverse, unrelated, varied

Antonyms: homogeneous, identical, pure, single, unchanging, uniform, plain, simple

Term
hussy (n)
Definition

an impudent or immoral girl or woman


Forms: hussy (n)

Synonyms: tramp, seductress

Antonyms: morally pure, prude, monogamous

Term
inauspicious (adj.)
Definition

not conducive to success; the state, quality, or condition of being unpropitious (n)


Forms: inauspicious (adj.), inauspiciously (adv.), inauspiciousness (n)

Synonyms: unlucky, ill-timed, unpromising

Antonyms: lucky, auspicious, propitious

Term
ignominous (adj.) ignominy (n)
Definition

1. marked with or characterized by disgrace or shame 2. deserving of shame or infamy (adj.) 1. deep personal humiliation and disgrace 2. disgraceful or dishonorable conduct, quality, or action (n.)


Forms: ignominious (adj.); ignominy (n.)

Synonyms: disgraceful, dishonorable, shameful (adj); disrepute, discredit, shame, obloquy, opprobrium. (n.)

Antonyms: honorable, reputable, respectable (adj.) esteem, honor, respect (n.)

Term
indubitably (adj.)
Definition

too evident to be doubted


Forms: indubitability, indubitableness (n)

Synonyms: positive, sure, unanswerable, unarguable,unchallengeable, undeniable, unquestionable

Antonyms: arguable, contradictable,controvertible, debatable, disputable, doubtable, moot, negotiable, problematic

Term
impending (adj.) (v)
Definition

(adj.): about to happen

(v):to be imminent

 

Forms: impending (adj.), to impend, impended (verb)

Synonyms: forthcoming, at hand, brewing, nearing, imminent

Antonyms: distant, later, never, remote

Term
iniquity (n)
Definition

A gross injustice or wickedness, A violation of right or duty; wicked act


Forms: iniquity (n)

Synonyms:  crime, evildoing, immorality, injustice, misdeed, offense, wrongdoing
Antonyms:  good, goodness, virtue

Term
lurid (adj.)
Definition

causing horror or revulsion; having a wan or ghastly appearance


Forms: lurid (adj.), luridly (adv.), luridness (n)

Synonyms: dim, faint, sensational, shocking, pale, distinct, disgusting, graphic

Antonyms: illuminated, bright, lucid, pleasant, calming, comforting, delightful


Term
malefactress (n)
Definition

a person who violates the law or does evil; a person who does evil towards another person


Forms: malefactress (n), malefactor (n), malefaction (n)

Synonyms: criminal, convict, prisoner, outcast, delinquent, outlaw, culprit, villian

Antonyms: victim, police, moral

Term
manifest (v)
Definition
readily perceived by the eye or the understanding; evident; obvious;apparent; plain
Term
matronly (adj.)
Definition

having the characteristics of a matron (matron = a mature, married woman; a woman in charge of a hospital or prison ward)


Forms: matron (n), matronliness (n)

Synonyms:  dignified, ladylike, mature, motherly, respected

Term
merriment (n)
Definition

gaiety and fun


Forms:merriment (n), merrily (adv), merry (adj)

Synonyms: exuberance, cheerfulness, effervescence, verve, buoyancy, levity, zest, liveliness, cheer, joy

Antonyms: misery, unhappiness,distress, wretchedness, suffering, anguish, anxiety, angst, torment, pain, grief

Term

mein (n)

 

 

Definition

a person's look or manner, esp. one of a particular kind indicating their character or mood

 

Forms: mien (n)

Synonyms: appearance, look, expression,countenance, aura, demeanor, attitude, air, manner

 

Term
penal (adj.)
Definition

of, relating to, or prescribing the punishment of offenders under the legal system


Forms: penally (adv)

Synonyms: disciplinary, corrective, correctional, punitive, punishable


Term
phantasmagoric (adj.)
Definition

having a fantastic or deceptive appearance, as something in a dream or created by the imagination; having the appearance of an optical illusion, especially one produced by a magic lantern, changing; shifting, as a scene made up of many elements.


Forms: phantasmagorical (adj) phantasmagoria (n)

Synonyms: dreamlike, psychedelic, kaleidoscopic, surreal, unreal,hallucinatory, fantastic, fantastical,chimerical

Antonyms: real, ordinary

Term
physiognomy (adj.)
Definition

the face or countenance, especially as an indication of character, the outward appearance of anything which gives an insight to character


Synonyms: appearance, aspect, countenance, expression, feature, look, mien, portrait, visage


Term
pillory (n) (v)
Definition

(n): a wooden framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and hands, formerly used to expose an offender to public derision.

(v): to set in the pillory, to expose to public derision, ridicule or abuse


Term
ponderous (adj.)
Definition

of great weight, awkward and unwieldy, dull and labored


Forms: (adj) ponderous, (adv) ponderously, (n) ponderousness and ponderosity; (adj)  nonponderous, (adv) nonponderously, (n) nonponderosity

Synonyms: heavy, cumbersome, bulky, burdensome, massive, unwieldy, boring, plodding

Antonyms: weightless, insubstantial, tiny, delicate, lively, exciting

Term
prefigured (adj.)
Definition

to foreshadow by a figure; to picture or represent to oneself beforehand; to imagine


Forms:(v) prefigure, (adj) prefigurative, (adv) prefiguratively, (n) prefigurativeness and prefigurement, (adj) unprefigured

Synonyms:  hint, foreshadow, indicate, adumbrate, presage


Term

 

preternatural (adj.)

Definition

out of the ordinary course of nature; exceptional or abnormal; outside of nature; supernatural


Forms: preternaturally (adv) preternaturalness (n) prenaturalism (n),  preternaturality (n)

Synonyms: unusual, extraordinary, unnatural, supernatural, uncommon, inexplicable

Antonyms: ordinary, usual, normal, common, standard, customary, typical

Term
purport (v) (n)
Definition

(v): appear or claim to do something

(n): purpose or meaning of something, typically a document or a speech


Forms: purportless (adj) purportedly (adv)

Synonyms: claim to be, profess to be, pretend to be, appear to be, seem to be; implication, intention, meaning, significance, purpose, gist

Antonymscovering, surface, deny, wrong implication

Term
rankle (v)
Definition

to cause persistent irritation or resentment; to become sore or inflamed; to fester


Forms: rankle (verb), rankling (noun), ranklingly (adverb)

Synonyms: annoy, irritate, rag, bother, gall, chafe, vex, nettle

Antonyms:please, delight, make happy

Term
remonstrance (n)
Definition

the act of remonstrating, a protest or complaint, particularly a formal one


Forms: remonstrance (n), remonstrate (v), remonstrative (adj.), remonstratively (adv.)

Synonyms: objection, argument, protest, expostulation, complaint, rebuke, reproach

Antonyms: acceptance, agreement, concession

Term
rotundity (n)
Definition

the condition or quality of roundness or plumpness, as of anobject or person, marked roundness, having a full, rich sound


Forms: rotund (adj),  rotundity (n), rotundness (n), rotundly (adv)

Synonyms: plump, round, stout, portly, obese,  sonorous, corpulent

Antonyms: skinny, slim, thin

Term
sagacity (n)/sage (adj)
Definition

a profoundly wise person; a person famed for wisdom


Forms: sage (adj), sagacity, sager, sageness  (all n), sagely (adv)

Synonyms: wise, discerning, insightful, perceptive, prudent,sapient

Antonyms: unperceptive, unwise, incircumspet, audacious


Term
sepulchres/sepulcher (n)
Definition

a tomb, grave, or burial place


Forms: unsepulcher (v - used with an object)

Synonyms: vault, mausoleum, crypt, catacomb, tomb, vault, entomb, burial, repository


Term
sojourn (n)
Definition

a temporary stay


Forms: sojourn, sojourner (n)

Synonyms:  visit, vacation, rest, stop, layover, stay

Term
spectral (adj.)
Definition

of or like a ghost; oforpertaining to a specter;ghostly;phantom


Forms: spectral (adj.)

Synonyms: ghostly, spooky, apparitional, eerie, haunted, illusory, phantasmal, phantom, scary, shadowy, spiritual, spooky, supernatural

Antonyms: natural, normal, ordinary

Term
spurn (v)
Definition

to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; scorn; to kick at or tread on disdainfully


Forms: spurn (v.), spurn/ spurner(n.)

Synonyms: reject, scorn, despise, kick

Antonyms: embrace, want, welcome, accept

Term
sumptuary (adj.)
Definition

pertaining to, dealing with, or regulating expense or expenditure; luxurious, splendid


Forms: sumptuary or sumptuous(adj.)

Synonyms: awe-inspiring, beautiful, costly, dear, deluxe, elegant, expensive, gorgeous, lavish, rich

Antonyms: mean, poor, wanting

Term
tremulous (adj.)
Definition

characterized by trembling, as from fear, nervousness, or weakness;timorous;fearful


Forms: tremulous (adj.), tremulously (adv.), tremulousness (n)

Synonyms: palpitating, quavering, quivering, shaky, shivering, shivery, trembling,wobbly

Antonyms: stable, steady, unwavering

Term
tribunal (n)
Definition

seat or court of justice; the bench on which a judge or other presiding officer sits in court; something that has the power to determine or judge; committee or board appointed to adjudicate in a particular matter


Synonyms: bar, bench, board, committee, and court

Term
venerable (adj.)
Definition

accorded a great deal of respect, especially because of age, wisdom, or character; (in the Anglican Church) a title given to an archdeacon; (in the Roman Catholic Church) a title given to a deceased person who has attained a certain degree of sanctity but has not been fully beatified or canonized


Forms: veneration (n)

Synonyms: admirable, dignified, esteemed, honorable, and revered

Antonyms: unexpected, looked down on, and lack of dignity

Term
visage (n)
Definition

the face, countenance, or appearance of a person or sometimes an animal; aspect, appearance


Forms: visage (n)

Synonyms: cast, countenance, expression, face, look


Term
acquisition (n)
Definition

the act of acquiring  or gaining possession


Forms: acquisitional (adj), acquisitor (noun)

Synonyms: achievement, acquirement, addition, gain, purchase, winning

Antonyms: dearth, lack, loss, need, want

Term
amenable (adj.)
Definition

open towards, leaning towards, easily persuaded


 

Term
anathema (n)
Definition

a person or thing detested or loathed; a person or thing accursed or consigned to damnation or destruction; a formal ecclesiastical curse involving excommunication.

 

Synonyms: abomination, hate, enemy, pariah, detestation

 

Antonyms: beauty, blessing, delight, enjoyment

 

Term
annihilate (v)
Definition

To reduce to utter ruin, to annul, to defeat (usually in violent manner)


Synonyms: Abolish, eradicate, obliterate, raze, vitiate
Antonyms:  Help, preserve, revive, save

Term
apothecary (n)
Definition

a druggist, a pharmacist; a pharmacy or drugstore; one who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes


Synonyms: pharmacist, druggist, dispenser, pharmacy, gallipot, chemist, drugstore

Term
apellation (n)
Definition

a name, title, or designation; the act of naming; a geographical name (as of a region, village, or vineyard) under which a winegrower is authorized to identify and market wine; also : the area designated by such a name


Forms: misappellation (n), appellative (adj.)

Synonyms: designation, sobriquet, nickname, epithet, label, title
Antonyms:  nameless, unlabeled


Term
ascetic (adj.)
Definition

characterized by or suggesting the practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reason; a person who practices such self-discipline and abstention


Forms: ascetic (adj.); ascetic/asceticism (n); ascetically (adv.)

Synonyms: austere, self-denying, abstinent, self-disciplined, simple, puritanical, monastic, hermit, anchorite
Antonyms: sybarite, self-indulgent, promiscuity, permissive


Term
assimilation (v)
Definition
the act of assimilating [to take into the mind and thoroughly comprehend; to make similar]
Term
antiquated (adj.)
Definition

continued from, resembling, or adhering to the past; old-fashioned; no longer used; obsolete or obsolescent; aged; old


Forms: antiquated (adj.), antiquate (v), antiquatedness (n)

Synonyms: aged, dated, antique, elderly, old, out of date,
Antonyms: modern, new, recent, forward-looking 

Term
avail (v)
Definition

to use or take advantage of an opportunity


Forms: avail(v), available(adj.)

Synonyms: use, utilize, apply
Antonyms: disadvantage, detriment, loss, waste

Term
aver (v)
Definition

to verify or prove to be true in pleading a cause, to declare positively


Forms: averred, averring

Synonyms: affirm, allege, assert, claim, avouch, avow,contend, declare, insist, maintain, profess, protest,purport, warrant
Antonyms:  deny, gainsay

Term
besmirch (v)
Definition

to soil, tarnish, discolor, to taint, to detract from the honor of


Forms: besmirch (v), besmircher (noun), unbesmirched (adj)

Synonyms:  dishonor, discredit, stain, tarnish, soil, blacken
Antonyms:  to honor, to purify

Term
boon (n) (adj.)
Definition

(n): A benefit or favor, especially one that is given in an answer to a request

(adj.): Likely to seek or enjoy the company of others


Synonyms: Advantage, aid, benefit, help; companionable, outgoing, extroverted, social, sociable
Antonyms: Constraint, disadvantage, drawback, hindrance; antisocial, reclusive, introverted

Term
cabalistic (adj.)
Definition

belonging, according, or relating to the cabala, a mystical interpretation of Hebrew scripture; having an occult, mystical, or esoteric meaning


Synonyms: mysterious, magical, obscure, mystic, strange, supernatural, enigmatic, occult, esoteric
Antonyms:  clear, obvious, plain, straightfoward

Term
caper (v)
Definition
to leap or prance about in a playful manner
Term
caprice (n)
Definition

a sudden and unaccountable change of mood or behavior, a disposition to do things impulsively


Forms: caprice (n) capricious (adj)

Synonyms: whim, vagary, quirk, volatility, unpredictability, notion
Antonyms:  practicality, reasonableness, immovability, constancy, stability

 

Term
catechism (n)
Definition

an elementary book containing a summary of the principles of the Christian religion, especially as maintained by a particular church, in the form of questions and answers; the contents of this book; instruction, development of knowledge; test


Synonyms: examination, guidance, improvement, refinement, schooling
Antonyms:  ignorance

Term
gesticulate (v)
Definition

to make or use gestures, especially in an animated or excited manner, with or instead of speech; to express by gesturing


Forms: (v) gesticulate; (adj) gesticulative, gesticulatory, overgesticulative; (n) gesticulation, overgesticulation, gesticulator; (adv) overgesticulatively

Synonyms:  gesture, motion, signal, signalize, wave, pantomime
Antonyms:  speak, be still


Term
Commodious (adj)
Definition

roomy and comfortable; convenient


Forms: commodious (adj) commodiously (adv) comodiousness (n)

Synonyms: ample, spacious, comfortable, big, roomy
Antonyms:  confined, cramped, inconvenient

Term
conjure (v)
Definition

to summon out of thin air as if by magic; to earnestly entreat; to call to mind


Forms: Conjurer (noun), Conjured (adj)

Synonyms: create, evoke, beg, beseech, summon
Antonyms:  dissipate, dismiss, destroy, demand

Term
deportment (n)
Definition

A person's behavior or manners.


Forms: deportment (noun)

Synonyms: behavior, demeanor, conduct, actions
Antonyms:  misbehavior, misconduct, inaction

Term
despondent (adj.)
Definition

feeling or showing profound hopelessness, dejection, discouragement, or gloom


Forms: despondently (adverb)

Synonyms: disheartened, downhearted, melancholy, despairing, hopeless, dejected, morose, dispirited
Antonyms:  happy, hopeful, cheerful, elated, spirited


Term
decry (v)
Definition

to speak disparagingly of; denounce as faulty or worthless


Synonyms: belittle, disparage, discredit, depreciate,minimize.denigrate, deprecate, derogate  
Antonyms:  applaud, compliment, exalt, laud, praise

Term
dexterity (n)
Definition

Skill in using the hands or body, agility; mental adroitness or skill.



Synonyms: aptness, expertise, handiness, finesse, adroitness.
Antonyms: awkwardness, clumsiness, inability, ineptness.


Term
diabolical (adj.)
Definition

having the qualities of a devil, outrageously wicked


Forms: diabolicaly (adverb), diabolicalness (noun)

Synonyms: cruel, heinous, hellish, vicious, wicked, evil
Antonyms:  good, moral, heavenly

Term
dwell (v)
Definition
to remain for a time; to live as a resident
Term
emaciate[d] (v) (adj.)
Definition

(v): to waste away physically

(adj.): thin, wasted, puny, gaunt, haggard, scrawny.

Term
emissary (n)
Definition

a secret agent, one designated as the agent of another; a representative sent on a mission or errand; deputy


Synonyms: agent, delegate, emissary, envoy, legate, minister, representative, bearer, carrier

Term
emolument (n)
Definition

profit, salary, or fees from office or employment; compensation for services


Synonyms: earnings, pay, recompense, stipend, honorarium , paycheck, payment, salary,
Antonyms:expenditure, forfeit, forfeiture, loss, waste

Term
endow (v)
Definition

to provide with a permanent fund or source of income; establish (a college post, annual prize, or project) by donating the funds neededto maintain it


Forms: endow (v); endower (n); endowment (n)

Synonyms: finance, fund, pay for, provide for, subsidize, support financially, establish, institute, supply, furnish, equip, bless, grace, gift
Antonyms:  refuse, withhold, curse, receive, take



Term
enjoin (v)
Definition

instruct or urge (someone) to do something; prescribe (an action or attitude) to be performed or adopted; prohibit someone from performing


Forms: enjoin (verb), enjoiner (noun), enjoinment (noun)

Synonyms: urge, encourage, admonist, instruct, direct, order, require, command
Antonyms:  allow, permit


Term
enmity (n)
Definition

a feeling or condition of hostility usually shared between enemies; hatred; ill will; animosity;antagonism.


Synonyms: dislike, hate, malice, hostility, loathing
Antonyms: love, kindness, friendship, good will, fellowship

Term
epoch (n)
Definition

a period of time in history or a person’s life, typically one marked by notable events or characteristics


Synonyms: era, age, period, time, span, stage, eon

Term
exhort (v)
Definition

to give urgent advice, recommendations, or warnings; to urge, advise or caution earnestly


Forms: exhort, exhorter, exhortingly

Synonyms: admonish, advise, beseech, caution, counsel

Term
exigence (n)
Definition

A time or state of affairs requiring prompt or decisive action; the quality or state of being


Synonyms: Boiling point, crisis, climax, turning point

Term
expostulation (n)
Definition

the act of reasoning earnestly with someone in an effort to dissuade or correct; remonstrate; an expostulatory remark or address


Synonyms: challenge, complaint, difficulty, exception, objection, protest, question, remonstrance,
Antonyms:  agree, cooperate

Term
extant (adj.)
Definition

still in existence, surviving


Synonyms: actual, alive, around, being, contemporary, current, existent, immediate, in current use, instant, living, not lost, present, real, remaining, subsisting, undestroyed
Antonyms:  dead, extinct, gone

Term
fain (adj.)
Definition

pleased or willing under the circumstances, compelled by the circumstances


Synonyms: amenable,disposed,willing, game, glad,inclined, minded,ready
Antonyms:  disinclined,unamenable, unwilling

Term
gall (n) (v)
Definition

(n): imprudence, effrontery, nerve, audacity, cheek; bile, that of an animal; something bitter or severe

(v): to make sore by rubbing; to vex or irritate


Synonyms: noun- arrogance, chutzpah, insolence /verb- abrade, chafe, annoy,
Antonyms:  noun- modesty, reservation, shyness/ verb- appease, gladden, mollify

Term
habitation (n)
Definition

The state or process of living in a particular area; place of residence, dwelling; colony or settlement; community


Forms: habitation (n), habitational (adj)

Synonyms: abode, occupancy, residency, dwelling, domicile
Antonyms:  foreign area

Term
ignominious (adj.)
Definition

marked by dishonor or shame; deserving of shame; humiliating or degrading


Forms: ignominiously(adv), ignominiousness (noun), ignominy (noun)

Synonyms: discreditable, disgraceful, dishonorable, disreputable, infamous, notorious
Antonyms:  admirable, honorable, reputable, respectable, exalted

Term
imbibe (v)
Definition

Drink (alcohol); absorb or assimilate (ideas or knowledge)


Forms: imbibe, imbibed, imbibing (verbs), imbiber (noun)

Synonyms:consume, gorge, partake, soak, assimilate
Antonyms:  abstain

Term
imbue (v)
Definition

to impregnate or inspire, as with feelings, opinions, etc.; to saturate or impregnate with moisture, color, etc.


Forms: imbue (v), imbuement (n)

Synonyms: diffuse, impregnate, ingrain, inoculate, instill, permeate, inculcate
Antonyms:  drain, take out

Term
imp (n)
Definition

a little devil or demon; an evil spirit


Synonyms: scamp, rascal, brat, devil

Antonyms: angel, god

Term
importunate (adj.)
Definition

urgent or persistent insolicitation, sometimes annoyinglyso; troublesome; annoying


Forms: importunate (adj); importunately (adv); importunateness (n)

Synonyms: burning, earnest, imperative, disturbing, troublesome, portentous, urgent, clamorous
Antonyms:  relaxed, undemanding, unimportant

Term
impel (v)
Definition

To drive or urge forward, press on


Synonyms: boost, compel, drive, goad
Antonyms: delay, dissuade, repress, slow

Term
imperious (adj.)
Definition

assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering


Forms: imperiously (adverb), imperiousness (noun)

Synonyms: commanding, imperial, overbearing,overweening, domineering, authoritarian,dictatorial
Antonyms:  submissive, unnecessary

Term
incredulous (adj.)
Definition

unwilling or unable to believe something


Synonyms: skeptical, unbelieving,distrustful, mistrustful, suspicious, doubtful,dubious, unconvinced; cynical

Term
incur (v)
Definition

to come into or acquire (some consequence, usually undesirable or injurious); to become liable or subject to through one's own action;bring or take upon oneself


Synonyms: aquire, arouse, besubjected to, bring down on,catch, contract, draw, earn



Term
ingenuity (n)
Definition

the quality of being cleverly inventive or resourceful;inventiveness; cleverness or skillfulness of conception or design; an ingenious  contrivance or device


Synonyms: ability, brains, brightness, brilliance, cunning, genius
Antonyms: lack, ignorance, inability, stupidity, denseness

Term
infamy (n)
Definition

extremely bad reputation, public reproach, strong condemnation as a result of a shameful/criminal/flagrant act, evil reputation brought about by something grossly criminal, shocking, or brutal; an extreme and publicly known criminal or evil act


Forms: infamy (n), infamous (adj.), infamously (adv.)

Synonyms:disrepute,obloquy,odium,opprobrium,shame, disgrace, discredit, disesteem, ignominy, shame, reproach
Antonyms: esteem, honor, respect


Term
inscrutable (adj.)
Definition

incapable of being investigated, analyzed, or scrutinized; impenetrable; not easily understood; mysterious; unfathomable; physically impenetrable


Forms: inscrutability (n), inscrutableness (n) inscrutably (adv.)

Synonyms:  hidden, incomprehensible, undiscoverable, inexplicable. mysterious
Antonyms: comprehensible



Term
insidious (adj.)
Definition

proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects; treacherous, crafty


Forms: insidious (adjective); insidiously (adverb); insidiousness (noun)

Synonyms: stealthy, subtle, surreptitious, cunning, crafty, treacherous, artful, sly, wily, shifty, underhanded, indirect, sneaky
Antonyms:  open, blatant, honest, loyal, faithful, ingenuous

Term
intangible (adj.)
Definition

unable to be touched or grasped; difficult or impossible to define or understand; vague and abstract; not constituting or represented by a physical object and of a value not precisely measurable


Forms: intangible (adjective), intangibility (noun), intangibly (adverb)

Synonyms: impalpable, untouchable, insubstantial, immaterial, spectral, ghostly
Antonyms: definite, obvious, palpable, perceptible, tangible

Term
malice (n)
Definition

desire to inflict injury, harm, or suffering on another, eitherbecause of a hostile impulse or out of deep-seated meanness; evil intent on the part of a person who commits awrongful act injurious to others


Synonyms:  ill will, spite, dislike, malevolence, hate, hatred,  bitterness
Antonyms: benevolence, goodwill, kindness, friendliness


Term
mortify (v)
Definition

to humiliate or shame, as by injury to one's pride or self-respect; to subjugate (the body, passions, etc.) by abstinence,ascetic discipline, or self-inflicted suffering


Synonyms: abase, annoy, crush, harass, shame, humiliate
Antonyms: flatter, praise, satisfy, compliment

Term
morbid (adj.)
Definition

abnormally susceptible to or characterized by gloomy or unwholesome feelings


Synonyms: cloudy, cold, comfortless, dark, darkening, depressing,depressive, desolate, dire, disconsolate, dismal, drear,
Antonyms:  bright, cheerful, cheering, cheery, comforting,cordial, festive, friendly, gay, heartwarming, sunshiny

Term
mountebank (n)
Definition

a person who sells quack medicines, as from a platform inpublic places, attracting and influencing an audience bytricks, storytelling, etc.


Synonyms: cheat, conman, imposter, swindler

Term
mutability (n)
Definition

prone to or capable of change


Forms: mutability (noun), mutable (noun), mutably (adverb)

Synonyms: Changeable, capricious, inconstant, unpredictable, uncertain, temperamental
Antonyms: Certain, changeless, stable, steady, invariable


Term
pallid (adj.)
Definition

pale; faint or deficient in color; wan; lacking in vitality or interest


Synonyms: ashy, colorless, bloodless, dull, faded, ghastly, lifeless
Antonyms: flushed, rosy, blushing

Term
panoply (n)
Definition

a complete or impressive collection of things, a splendid display; referring to a full set of arms or a suit of armor


Synonyms: array, range, collection, trappings, regalia, splendor, spectacle, ceremony, ritual

Term
paramour (n)
Definition

a lover, esp. the illicit partner of a married person.

 

Synonyms: lover, mistress, concubine, “other man/woman”

Term
parochial (adj.)
Definition

of or pertaining to a parish  or parishes; of or pertaining to parochial schools or the education they provide


Synonyms: clerical, holy, religious, spiritual, orthodox

Term
penitence (n)
Definition

regret for one’s wrongdoing or sinning, contrition, repentance


Forms: (adj) penitent, (adv) penitently, (n) penitence

Synonyms: abject, apologetic, atoning, contrite, regretful, remorseful, repentant, rueful, sorry
Antonyms:  happy, unashamed, unrepentant

Term
peremptory (adj.)
Definition

Urgent, commanding; imperative, not subject to debate; assertive in speech or manner, dogmatic


Forms: peremptorily (adv), peremptoriness (noun)

Synonyms: authoritative, imperative, domineering, autocratic, overbearing, decisive
Antonyms:  humble, meek, serville, lenient, democratic, indecisive

Term
pious (adj.)
Definition

Devoutly religious; making a hypocritical display of virtue


Forms: pious (adj), piously (adv), piousness (noun)

Synonyms: devout,  religious, godly, prayerful, devotional
Antonyms: atheist, impious, irreligious, sinful, wicked

Term
plash (n) (v)
Definition

(n) a gentle splash, or a pool or puddle

(v) to splash gently; to flow in a broken irregular stream; to wet or soil by striking with something liquid or mushy

 

Forms: plash (n & v), plashingly (adverb)

Synonyms: bubble, dribble, splash, swash, spatter, splatter, ripple
Antonyms: pour, roll, stream

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