I. Revival of Trade

- Little Money

- Travel was difficult

- Manors replaced with towns as economy  center

-Bartering- exchanging goods for other goods

A. Trade Routes

- Helped with Commerce

- Italian cities controlled trade

- called middle men

Main Routes

- Southern- Water

- Central: Land and Water

- Northern: Silk Road

- Flanders was a key market place

- Markets were local level

-- Weekly

-- Serfs to produce more products

-- Craftsmen to sell more guilds

-Fairs: regional level

-- Annually

-- East West Trade

-- Champagne, France

- Fun and Festive

Monors and towns had minted money

- Florin (Florence)

- Money changers needed to determine the values of the coins in their own money

- Money lenders were people who gave you a document that had your total in the bank called Letters of Credit

Conditions and church discouraged economic activity

- Church's look on money was poverty is a virtue

- Just price: materials, labor, profit

- Don't just take advantage of others

- Excess to charity

- Usery: changing interest for lent money

- Forbidden

- People began to borrow to invest

- People became independant

II. Growth of Towns

Towns grew as trade increased

increased food production made towns possible

- Many subject to a lord

- Banded together for self government

Ways of Obtaining Freedom

- Buy it

- Given it

- Fight for it

- charter: document that gives rights and freedoms of the people

- Free status

- No manorial Duties

- Town justice

- Comercial privilages

B. Guilds

Organizations that regulated business activity in a town

- services provided

-- greater security

-- prevented competition

-- increased profit

Merchant Guild

- Monopoly

- Limited outsiders

- Fixed prices

Craft Guild

- Hours, wages, employees

- Guaranteed quality

Guild Classes

- Apprentice- young boy

- Journeyman- teenager

- Master- young man

C. New Social Status

- Middle Class- between nobles and serfs

- men of town

- freedom and money

- Modern society

Status- wealth and goods

D. Town Life

- thick walls

- houses built high

- streets were crowed

- dirty

- Black death

-- 1/4 to 1/2 of population of Europe died

-- disease from asia

- Education continued during Dark Ages

- Church in Control

- Monastaries and cathedrals

- maintain knowledge

Liberal Arts

- trivium

- quadtrivium

- Revival of learning in the 12th century

- improved political and economy situation

- Contact with Byzantines and Arabs

- Greek and Rome too

- More need for education now

- replaced monasteries and cathedrals

- students travled from afar to get the teachers

- Blogna- law

- run by students

- Paris- Theology and Liberal Arts

- run by professors

B. Philosphy and Theology

- Schoolasticism

- Schoolmen- faith and reason

- Church teaching was reasonable

- Aselm (1033-1109)

- Archbishop of Canterbury

- faith for understanding

- existance of God

- satisfaction of atonement for God

- Perter Abelrad (1069-1142)

- Asking questions

- Sic Et Non ( Yes or No)

- exposed contradictions

- dangerous

- Thomas Aquinas

- Prince of Schoolmen

- No contradiction b/w faith and reason

- over emphisising reason

- empty speculations

- exposed constradictions

- opened the door to the reformation

- Focuses on world to come

- faith and reason

- magic and superstition

- knowledge handed down

- Roger Bacon

- Observation and experimental

- little influence

D. Language and Literature

- Latin

- Vernacular

- Heroic epics - legends

- Beowolf

- song of roland

- song of nibelungs

- El Cid

- Dante Alighieri

- Italian

- Divine Comedy (Donte's Inferno)

- Geoffry Chauser

- English

- Canterbury Tales

E. Art and Architecture

- Religous themes

- Teaching the illiterate

- symbolism

- Architecture

- roman esque

- Latin Cross

- characteristics

- thick walls

- rounded arches

- heavy collumns

- small doors and windows

Gothic

- Flying Buttresses

- stained glass windows

IV. National States

- nationstates- regions with common trageties, language, religon

- monarchies

- feudalism

1. Causes

E held land in F

F threatened wool trade in Flanders

Edward III claimed throne of F

Nobles gave throne to Philip VI of Valois

2. Conflict

E won battles but F won war

Crecy 1346

Pottiers 1356

Agincourt 1415

Long bows new E weapon

F was inspired by Joan of Arc

3. Consequences

E built a nation at home

Wars of ROses

York White

Lancaster Red

E

Henry tutor beat Richard III at Bosworth field in 1485

F nationalism

King had power to tax

Raised money w/o Estates General

B. Spain and Portugal

- Reconquista

- Drove moors out of Iberian Peninsula

Cortes Assembly of nobles, clergy, city

- Spain formed when Ferdinand and Isabella married

1492

C. Italy and Germany

Geographic locations

- HR stoped in Italy

- I- financial success in the city states and kingdoms which brought the Renaisance

- G- Nobles power increased

- Golden bull constitution

- diet

- Seven Electors

- Hersburg family came to power in Austria

- HRE

- Maximilian I

- Expanded HRE through marrige

V. Decline of Church

Losing power

Corupt

Loyalties shifting

A. Humiliation

Boniface VIII- lost Phillip IV

B issued a bull on P

P supported by people

B was arrested and escaped but died later

Called Babylonian Captivity

F kings had great influence

Many countries did not follow pope

wealth and corruption

C. Schism

Italian pope elected

F pope elected

Lasted for 40 years

Council of Piza: New pope

3 popes now

Coucil of Constance (1414-1418)

Martin V pope alone