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| 1521; Assembly held in Worms, Germany, led by Charles V who issued the Edict of Worms which forbade association with Martin Luther |
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| Defensive alliance of Lutheran princes in mid 16th century whose goal was to replace the HRE |
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| 1648; A renewed peace of Augsburg in Germany where German states determined religion of territory. Calvinism was added to Lutheranism and Catholicism as approved religions. |
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| Series of Catholic councils that met 3 xs from 1545 - 1563 in Trent, Italy. Goal was to reaffirm Catholic practices, address abuses, and reconvert Protestants |
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| Foundation for Martin Luther's preachings and therefore the heart of Protestantism; the belief that faith alone - not good works - is needed for salvation. |
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| In the Roman Catholic Faith, a pardon or remission from sin. A major point of contention in early 16th century when the unrestricted sale of indulgences was heralded by Pope Leo X to finance the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica. |
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| A list created by Martin Luther of 95 grievances he had with the teachings of the Catholic Church. The list was posted on the door of the Wittenburg castle church on October 31, 1517 |
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| 1524-25 in Germany; Peasants demanded regulation of rents and security of common village rights. Luther repudiated their requests and thousands were brutally put down in rebellion |
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| 9/25/1555; Treaty between Charles V and Schmalkaldic League which was a victory for Lutherans and states' rights in the HRE. Cuius regio eius religio (whose region, his religion) |
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| Institutes of Christian Religion |
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| 1536; John Calvin's book which addressed to the world his appeal to human reason adn justification by faith |
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| Theory by John Calvin that everyone was predestined to go Heaven (the Elect) or Hell by the grace of God |
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| 1534; Parliament passed act which declared the English king to be the "Protector and Only Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy of England" |
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| 1491-1556; Spanish Christian theologian and soldier who established the Society of Jesus. |
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| Index of Prohibited Books |
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| List of prohibited books published by the Holy See to suppress knowledge of "heretics" |
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| aka Jesuits; established by Pope Paul III in 1540; constituted a monastic order that stressed education and civic participation in the affairs of the world. |
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| 1618; the Bohemians feared losing Protestant liberties so they threw the HRE and king Mathias out a window |
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| 1629; HRE declared all church territories secularized |
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| 1594-1632; Lutheran king of Sweden who created the most modern army but perished in the Thirty Years' War |
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| the idea that each state should determine its religion without any Catholic claims |
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| 1579; the 7 northern provinces of the Netherlands gained independence from Spain. |
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| 1540-1596; aka most spectacular seadog; Led English attack on Spain in 1587 "singeing the beard of the king of Spain" |
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| "politicals" made up of moderate Catholic and Protestants who thought too much was being made of religion and didn't suffice to justify war. ie, Henry of Navarre |
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| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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| 1572; Catherine de Medici led a brutal attack and slaughter of thousands of Huguenots in Paris. |
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| 1598; issued by Henry IV of France that granted Huguenots substantial rights in an area predominately Catholic. |
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| the chief judicial body under the French ancien regime |
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| Representative body of three Estates in France. |
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| 1629 aka Edict of Grace; Negotiated by Cardinal Richelieu and signed by Louis XIII that confirmed the basic principles of the Edict of Nantes but Huguenots did not have political rights |
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| Signed in 1609 by Spanish and Dutch to cease hostilities between the Habsburg rulers of Spain and the Southern Netherlands adn the Dutch Republis |
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| Spanish fleet of warships that set out to attack Protestant England in 1588. |
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| 1585-1642; French nobelman, statesman, and clergyman. Secretary of State in 1616 under Louis XIII perceived as most powerful person in France. |
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