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headed the Cabinet Task Force
o Recommended that the quotas be scrapped altogether and replaced with a tariff
o Negative response- Congressmen feared that the proposal would mean still more oil imports and would threaten the domestic industry |
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| was also disappointed, wrote that Iran’s security and economic development required it to surmount the quota barriers and sell more oil to directly to the U.S> |
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State Department’s chief oil expert
o Directed a secret oil study that showed the world petroleum industry was passing through the last gap in the buyers market
o Thought the U.S. should act to reduce the growth rate of consumption, raise domestic production, and strive to import secure sources
o To counter growing energy threat- expand coal use, development of synthetic fuels. And increase research and development spending
o Wrote “The Oil Crisis: This Time the Wolf is Here” |
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| (Iraq, Algeria, and Libya) all wanted changes in the Tehran and Tripoli agreements- didn’t like how companies profits were also increasing along with countries |
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came to power after Nasser’s death- new Egyptian president
o Unlike Nasser, he did not want to lead a united Arab nation he wanted to only concentrate on the restoration of Egypt
o Wanted to break out of the cycle of conflict with Israel- a settlement would never occur while Israel sat on the eastern bank of the Suez Canal
o Threw out the arrogant Soviet military advisers
o Decided to go to war against the Israelis; it was the only way to obtain his political objectives- wanted to open up countries to negotiation
o War was kept a secret between Egypt and Syrian and King Faisal of Saudi Arabia |
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was quick to disagree to the use of oil as a weapon-politics and oil should not be mixed. When you cut oil exports you hurt yourself by losing revenue
changed his mind- Middle Eastern oil not American oil had become supply of last resort |
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| Was the swing producer for the entire world |
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| was pressing Faisal to consider using the oil weapon to support Egypt in confrontation with Israel and maybe the West |
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| changed his mind and warned Saudi would not increase their oil production capacity to meet rising demand, and the oil weapon would be used, unless the US moved closer to the Arab point of view and away from Israel |
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| • Israel Zionism and Soviet Communism |
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| were on the verge of having American interests thrown of out the area |
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| argued that the Middle East was explosive and war might soon start here |
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| went to King Faisal to get Saudi Arabia’s support for war- King said he would use oil weapon |
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| • King wanted to effect a change in US policy and would use oil for that purpose |
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| aimed to reorient Japan’s foreign policy in such a way as to try to guarantee access oil |
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| • Chairman of Aramco, stated that if the US increased its military support for Israel there could be a snowballing effect in terms of retaliation that would produce a major petroleum crisis |
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| - Jewish American who would explain to Arab foreign ministers why the US had to supply Israel. Promised ministers that US would cease fire and movement towards a peace settlement |
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| Saudi Minister of State that led four Arab ministers to meet with Kissinger and Nixon |
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| publicly proposed a 2.2 billion military package for Israel on the same day that Libya announced it was embargoing all shipments to the US |
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| • tried to devise a cease-fire formula; Saudi after hearing US aid proposal decided also to cut off all oil shipments to US and other countries were doing the same |
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Nixon fired the special prosecutor Archibald Cox who had been appointed to investigate the Watergate Scandal and who had subpoenaed the President’s secret office tape recordings- Attorney General Elliot Richardson and his chief deputy - all hell broke loss in the white house
• Massacre occurred the night before the embargos |
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| William Ruckelshaus and Elliot Richardson |
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| resigned in protest of Nixon along with the Attornery General |
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o During Watergate, Nixon gave him responsibility for American policy
o He emerged as the needed figure of authority and continuity at a time when confidence in America was being test |
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| message: the joint American-Soviet force needed to move in to separate the two sides- the US would have to respond to the challenge |
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