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a medieval philosophy and early form of chemistry whose goals were:
-The transmutation of base metals into gold. (The imagined
substance capable of turning other metals into gold was
was called the philospher's stone)
-The discovery of Panancea (a cure for all diseases)
-The preparation of a potion (Elixir of Life) that gives
eternal youth.
-The search for the akahest (universal solvent-water) |
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-got reputation as fakers or con-artists
-invented modern laboratory equipment such as the beaker, crucible, filter, and stirring rod.
-discovered and purified chemical elements such as mercury, sulfur, and arsenic.
-used distillation and extraction to separate mixtures. |
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Definition
-introduced letter symbols for elements
-conducted meticulous chemical analyses that resulted in the first systematic determination of atomic weights.
-combined oxygen with 43 elements
-combined weight of element with the quantity of oxygen
-his combining weights almost agree with modern atomic weights |
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-discovered trends in certain properties of select groups of elements.
-example:atomic mass of lithium and potassium was close to atomic mass of sodium; became known as Dobereiner's triads. |
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-established atomic weight of elements more accurately than ever before.
-these weights helped lay foundation for periodic system of elements for Mendeleev. |
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-an analytical chemist who prepared the first periodic table of elements arranged in order of atomic masses.
-discovered law of octaves, where every eighth element has similar properties. |
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-published a table of elements based on their physical and chemical properties; arranged them according to atomic weight.
-predicted that elements would be discovered to fill in the gaps of his chart.
-predicted chemical and physical properties of the missing elements (predictions were very accurate). |
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-presented ideas based on relation of properties of elements and their atomic weights.
-focused on differences between atomic weights of related elements.
-created a periodic table that was not as extensive as Mendeleev's. |
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| The chemical and physical properties of the elements are periodic functions to their atomic weights. |
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| -discovered Neon, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon. |
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| performed experiments involving X-rays that showed the manner in which the number of protons per nucleus varied progressively from element to element. |
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| column of elements in the periodic table. |
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| row of elements in the periodic table. |
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| gives useful information about the various elements |
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-element that is good conductor of electricity and heat.
-has high melting point.
-shiny.
-tends to lose electrons.
-not brittle.
-location of periodic table-from top left and down. |
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Definition
-element that is not a good conductor of heat and electricity.
-very brittle.
-low melting point
-not shiny
-tends to gain electrons.
-location:from top right and down. |
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-element that has properties of metals and nonmetals.
-location:at the bottom of the periodic table. |
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| number of electrons in the outer energy level of an atom. |
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| potential is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom. |
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| the energy given off when a neutral atom in the gas phase gains an extra electron to form a negatively charged ion. |
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| measure of the size of its atoms, usually the distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. |
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| these properties decrease as you move across a period and increase as you move down a group. |
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| these properties increase as you move across a period and decrease as you move down a group. |
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| able to be drawn into a thin wire. |
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| Able to be hammered into a thin sheet. |
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| Gradual wearing away of an element due to a chemical reaction in which the metal element is changed into a metallic compound. |
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| memeber of element family one, has one valence electron |
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| member of the element family 2 and has 2 valence electrons. |
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| 1st row of rare earth elements in periodic table; soft, malleable, high-luster and conductivity. |
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| 2nd row of rare earth elements, radioactive, all but three are synthetic. |
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