Term
| influde a number of inherited diseases that affect body chemistry |
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Definition
| inborn errors of metabolism |
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Term
| examples of inborn errors of metabolism include |
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Definition
| cystic fibrosis and phenylketonuria |
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Term
| ther is a reduced or missing blood component or an inability of a compontent to function adequately |
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Definition
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Term
| dorders of the blood include |
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Definition
| sickle celld isease, talaseemia and hemophiia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most often caused by failure of neural tube closure at either the cranial or the caudal end of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| neural tube defects oftne result in |
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Definition
| hydrocephalus and spina bifida |
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Term
| a condition characterized by an increase of cerbrophinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain whcih causes pressure changes in the brain and increase in head size |
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Definition
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Term
| results from an imbalance between the prodcuation and absorpiton fo CSF or improper formation of the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms of hydrocephalus depend on |
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Definition
| site of obstruction and age of development |
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Term
| hdyrcephalus is classified as |
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Definition
| noncommunicating or communicating |
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Term
| results from the obstruction of csf flow from the ventricles of the brain to the subaracnoid spance |
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Definition
| noncommunicating hydrocephalus |
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Term
| results when csf is not obstructed in the ventricles but is inadequately reabsorbed in the subarachnoid space |
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Definition
| communicating hydrocelphalus |
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Term
| s&s of hydrocephalus depend on: |
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Definition
| time of onst and severity of imbalance |
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Term
| classic sign of hydrocephalus |
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Definition
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Term
| a foreshortened occiput suggest pahtology of the fourth ventricl with the brain stem protruding through the cervical canal |
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Definition
| arnold chiari malformation |
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Term
| manifestations of hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| infant is helpless and lethargic, body becomes thin and muscle tone of extremities is ofte poor, shrill high pitched cry, irrritability, vomiting, anorexia, convulsions may occur |
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Term
| predominant symptoms of hydrocephalus in the older child |
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Definition
| cognitive slowing, personality changes, spasticity and othe rneurological signs |
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Term
| inspectino of a cavity or an organ by passing light through its walls |
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Definition
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Term
| use of _ reduces the production of CSF |
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Definition
| acetazolamide and furosemide |
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Term
| allows the excess fluid to drian into the peritoneal cavity where it is absorbed |
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Definition
| ventriculoperitoneal shunt |
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Term
| occurs when the curulation of the blood in the lungs is poor and the infant remains in one position too long |
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Definition
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Term
| when the nurse turns an infant who has hydrocephalus the ehad must always be |
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Definition
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Term
| may be placed under the head to prevent lesions |
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Definition
| a pad of lamb's wool or sponge rubber |
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Term
| the infant with hydrocephalsu is not distrubed once settled because |
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms of increase pressure within the head |
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Definition
| increaded blood pressure, a decrease in puls rate and resp |
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Term
| signs of increction include |
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Definition
| increase in VS, poor feeding, vomiting, pupil dilation, decreased LOC, seizures |
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Term
| if the fontanells are _ the infant is kept _ because too rapid a reduction of fluid may lead to _ |
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Definition
| sunken, flat, seizures or cortical bleeding |
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Term
| if the fontanells are _ the infant is usallally placed in _ postions to promote drainage of _ through the shunt |
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Definition
| bulging, semi fowler's, ventricles |
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Term
| the development of _ should be reported and recorded |
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Definition
| high pitched cry, unequal pupil size, response to light, bulging fontanelles, irritability or lethargy, poor feeding or abnromal vitals |
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Term
| evidence of increased ICP in the older child may be manifested by |
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Definition
| change in personality, change in LOC, complaints of headacts that are unrelieved by over the counter meds |
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Term
| the infant is usually fet after |
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Definition
| active bowel sounds are heard |
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Term
| signs of tube malfuntion in the older child with hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| signs of increasing icp such as headache, lethargy and changes in LOC |
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Term
| refers to a group fo central nervous system disorders characterized by malfromation of the psinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| spania bifida is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| a congenital embryonic neural tube defect in which ther is an imperfect closer of the spinal vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| tow forms of spina bifida |
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Definition
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Term
| spina vifida occulta occurs most commonly at the |
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Definition
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Term
| in spina bifida occulta manefestations may be |
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Definition
| tuft of har, dimple, lipoma or discoloration at the site |
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Term
| consists of the development of a cystic mass in the miline of the opening in the spine |
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Definition
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Term
| two types of spina bifida cystica |
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Definition
| meningocele and meningomyelocele |
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Term
| contains portion of the membranes and CSF |
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Definition
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Term
| meningocel varies from that of a |
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Definition
| walnut to a newborn's head |
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Term
| protrusion of the membranes and spinal cord through an opening |
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Definition
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Term
| all though meningomyelocel resembles a meninogcele there may be associated |
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Definition
| paralysis of the legs and poor control of bowel and bladder function |
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Term
| the aim of habilitatio is to minimize the child's _ and put constructive use to the _ parts of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| goal of positioning with spina bifida |
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Definition
| prevent pressure on the save and avoid postural deforomities |
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Term
| the infant is usually placed _ with a pad between the legs to maintian _ and counteract _ |
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Definition
| prone, abduction, hip subluxation |
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Term
| a small roll is placed under the ankles ot maintain _ |
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Definition
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Term
| applying pressure above the symphys pubis |
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Definition
| crede method of bladder emptying |
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Term
| crede method of bladder emptying is used for |
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Definition
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Term
| many infants with spina bifida develop a |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| balloons, koosh balls, tennis balls, adhesiv strips |
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Term
| foods to avoid in children with latex allergies |
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Definition
| bananas, avacodos, kiwiis |
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Term
| commoly used items ot avoid with latex allergies |
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Definition
| latex based pacifires, feeidng nipples water toys |
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Term
| characterized by fissure or an opening in the upper lip |
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Definition
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Term
| result of the fialur of the maillary and median nasal prcesses to unite during embryoninc development |
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Definition
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Term
| cleft lip usually occurs between |
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Definition
| seventh and eighth weeks of gestation |
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Term
| initial treament for cleft lip |
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Definition
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Term
| the cleft lip is repaired before age _ when weight gain is estabilished and infant free of infection |
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Definition
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Term
| a device used to immobilize the upper lip |
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Definition
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Term
| until cleft lip repar is healed the infant receives feeding by |
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Definition
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Term
| the infant is usually fed breast milk or fomrulat as soon as |
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Definition
| clear liquids are tolerated post op |
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Term
| failur of the hard palate to fuse at the milin during the 7th to 12th wks of gestation |
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Definition
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Term
| feeding is a prblem with cleft palat because the cleft prevents _ from being formed within the mouth which is necessary for _ |
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Definition
| negative pressure, sucking |
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Term
| some surgeons prefer to operate on cleft palate between |
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Definition
| 1 year and 18 months of age |
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Term
| multidisciplinary teamwork for the child with cleft palate |
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Definition
| surgeon, pediatricion, pediactric dentist, orthodonis, nurse, psyhcologist, speeche therapis and social worker |
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Term
| when feedint with a spon , the nurse should palce spoin into |
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Definition
| side of the mouth without touching the roof |
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Term
| objects to keep aout of the childs mouth |
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Definition
| thumb, otngue blades, toast, cookies, forgks and pacifiers |
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Term
| used to prvent the child from placing his or her fingers or objects in the mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| may accompan cleft palate |
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Definition
| ear infections and dental decay |
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Term
| congenital anomaly characterized by a food that has been twisted inward or outward |
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Definition
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Term
| feet are turned inward and the child wlaks on the toes and the outer borders of the feet, generally invalves both feedd |
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Definition
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Term
| this type of cast dries form the inside out and takes 24 to 48 hours to dry |
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Definition
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Term
| the nurse checks casted toes for |
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Definition
| cap refill and signs of poor circulation, pallor, cyanosis, swellign, coldness, numbnes, pain or burning |
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Term
| after clubfoot surger the cast is changed approximately every _ to bring the foot gradually in the poistion |
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Definition
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Term
| developmental hip dysplasia is a broad description applied to various degrees of deformity: |
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Definition
| subluxatio or dislocation, eithr partial or complete |
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Term
| the head of the femur is partly or comletely displaced ss a result of a shallow hip socket |
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Definition
| dvelomental hip dysplasia |
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Term
| factors that contribute to developmental hip dysplasia |
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Definition
| hip malformation, joint laxity, breech postion, maternal hormanes |
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Term
| there is a high risk for developmental hip dysplasia in cultures in which the newborn is wrapped snugl with the hips in |
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Definition
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Term
| one fo the the most reliable signs of developmental hip dysplasia |
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Definition
| limited abduction of the leg on affected side |
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Term
| to detect unstable hip in the newborn a health care provider performs |
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Definition
| ortolani or barlow's test |
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Term
| in infants with developmental dislocation of the hip the phsyician can actually feel and hear the femoral head slip back into the acetabulum under gentle pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| the child who is walking and has had no treatment of developmental hip dysplasia displays a characteristic |
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Definition
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Term
| in developmental hip dysplasia in order to keep the head of the femur within the hip socket the hips ar maintained in a constant flexion and abduction for |
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Definition
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Term
| pulls the head of the femur down to correct positoin opposite of the acetabulum and helps to overcome muscle spasm |
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Definition
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Term
| surgery may be required in infants more than 18 monts of age who do not respond to |
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Definition
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Term
| whenever possible the older child wiht hip dysplassia shoudl be on their abdomen during meal time to facilitate |
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Definition
| swallowing and self feeding |
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