Term
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Definition
- 88% of married fathers, 43% of married mothers employed full time
- women more positive, less neg. at work; men feel that way at home
- women employed report better health
- employed W more likely to divorce |
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Term
| bifurcation of working time |
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Definition
wherein some workers work longer, while other works fewer hours than they need or want
- 60% of workers want to work less, about 19% want to work more |
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Term
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Definition
feeling that one doesn't have or spend enough time in certain roles and relationships
- more mothers than fathers [life satisfaction more reduced for the mothers who answered this way]
- insufficient time for self, dissatisfaction in men |
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Term
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Definition
| thee effect that work has on individuals and families, absorbing their time and energy and impinging on their psychological states |
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Term
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Definition
| - more often for women, those college educated |
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Term
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Definition
| the multiple positions we occupy present us w. competing, contradictory, or simultaneous role expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| when role demands attached to any particular status are contradictory or incompatible |
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Term
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Definition
| when the roles we play require us to do more than we can handle |
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Term
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Definition
the effect of one's job-related feelings on one's spouse or intimate partner
- direct: through empathy of spouse for what other is experiencing
- indirect: conflict that results from negative spillover |
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Term
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Definition
men at work, women at home [or w/ job secondary to home]
- 19.5% of married-couple families
- % increases with children [up to 37% w/kids under 6] |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs about what men and women ought to do |
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Term
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Definition
- mutually dependent - husband & wife contribute about as much to family income
- 30% of dual-earner couples, 20% of all married couples
- 26%, women earn more than men |
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Term
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Definition
- 61% employed
- 58% of married women, 71+% of this were mothers
- 2/3 return to work before child's firth birthday |
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Term
| why increase of women in labor force? |
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Definition
1 - increase in single mothers
2 - increases in educational attainment
3 - proemployment messages, equal opportunity messages of women's movement
4 - better job opportunities
5 - decline in men's wages & ability to support family on 1 income |
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Term
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Definition
| moth have high-achievement orientations |
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Term
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Definition
-83% of women, 64% of men do at least some everyday
- cohabiting couples have more equitable divisions
- wives "more sexually interested" in husbands who do more housework |
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Term
| factors influencing men's involvement in housework |
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Definition
1 - socialization experience and modeling of parents
2 - men's status in the workplace ["masc challenged" at work may avoid housework]
3 - age & generation |
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Term
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Definition
e.g. confiding feeling, praising partner, monitoring relationships and sensing a disturbance in the force
- highly related to marital satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
time spent in direct interaction with a child
- fathers' less than 45% that of mothers' |
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Term
| accessibility to children |
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Definition
availability to a child, when parent is in same location but not in direction interaction
- fathers' less than 66% that of mothers' |
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Term
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Definition
| process of worrying about the baby, managing division of infant care, etc. |
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Term
| why women don't insist on equal participation |
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Definition
1 - cultural norms that housework is woman's responsibility
2 - fear that demands for great involvement will lead to conflict
3 - belief that husbands are incompetent |
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Term
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Definition
HH arrangements in which parents work opposite, mostly nonoverlapping shifts & thus take turns
- 30% of dual-earner couples have 1 spouse working nonstandard shifts |
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Term
| macro-level changes that have contributed to increase in nonstandard work schedules |
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Definition
1 - changes in the economy [+service]
2 - changes in demographics [+demand for entertainment/recreation at nights/weekends]
3 - changes in technology [multinational corporations] |
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Term
| why nonstandard employment? |
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Definition
- job demands or constraints
- caregiving needs |
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Term
| shiftwork effects on families |
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Definition
| - + distress, + dissatisfaction, + risks of divorce |
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Term
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Definition
| take concerns for fairness & sharing to heart in their relationships |
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Term
| greatest social needs in dual-earner marriages |
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Definition
1 - redefining gender roles to eliminate role overload for W
2 - providing adequate child care facilities for working parents
3 - restructuring workplace to recognize needs of families |
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Term
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Definition
men doing trad. women's work
- 4.6% of families w/ father at home
- economic impact: not dramatic declines
- social: M exp isolation, visibility
- marital: M involvement in housework/childcare; empathy
- parental: 'ship w/ Fath increases
- personal: reshuffling of priorities |
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Term
| family issues in workplace |
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Definition
1 - disc. against women [economic, sexual harassment, abuse of power, hostile environments]
2 - need for adequate child care
3 - inflexible work environments, stressful HH, and the time bind |
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Term
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Definition
a child caring for itself w/out supervision
- approx 1/3 of 11-12 year olds |
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Term
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Definition
| the stressful aspects of the economic life of individuals or families, including unemployment, poverty, & worrying about money |
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Term
| families hit hardest by unemployment |
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Definition
- single-parent headed by women
- African-American and Latino
- young |
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Term
| coping behaviors to assist families in economic distress |
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Definition
1 - defining the meaning of the problem [market, not personal]
2 - problem solving
3 - managing emotions |
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Term
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Definition
set of objectives concerning family wellbeing & specific gov't measures designed to achieve them
1 - designed to make work + flexible [flex time, job sharing, part-time, telecommuting]
2 - provide/support/assist working parents in locating child care arrangements - 3 - family leave
4 - ensure employees receive adequate wages to care for families & protect them from discrimination |
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