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the endocrine system
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26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/22/2012

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Term
Endocrine organs
Definition
pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, suprarenal glands, thymus, heart, thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries, testes, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, placenta, adipose,
Term
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Definition
adrenal cortex, various metabolic functions including the body's response to stress
Term
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Definition
adrenal cortex, regulation of extracellular water balance, promotes excretion of sodium and potassium by kidneys
Term
androgens
Definition
adrenal cortex
Term
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Definition
adrenal medulla, various metabolic functions related to fight/flight (sympathetic nervous system)
Term
erythropoietin (EPO)
Definition
kidneys, regulation of red blood cell development in bone marrow
Term
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
Definition
regulation of plasma calcium, promotes absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract
Term
oxytocin
Definition
posterior pituitary, various functions including motility of the uterus (contractions)
Term
vasopressin
Definition
posterior pituitary, regulation of blood pressure, promotes water excretion by the kidneys
Term
melatonin
Definition
pineal gland, regulation of daily rhythms
Term
leptin
Definition
adipose tissue cells, regulation of activities such as appetite and metabolic rate
Term
angiotensin II
Definition
blood, regulation of blood pressure, stimulates release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
Term
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Definition
placenta, promotes secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Term
thyroxine hormones (T4 and T3)
Definition
thyroid gland, regulation of overall metabolism of body, acts on most cells on the body
Term
calcitonin
Definition
thyroid gland, regulation of plasma calcium, actions ultimately lead to decreased plasma calcium concentration
Term
parathyroid hormone
Definition
parathyroid gland, regulation of plasma calcium concentration, promotes release of calcium from bone
Term
thymogens
Definition
thymus, promote development of T-lymphocytes
Term
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Definition
heart, regulation of blood pressure, promotes sodium excretion by the kidneys
Term
insulin
Definition
pancreas, regulation of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in the plasma, promotes uptake by cells
Term
glucagon
Definition
pancreas, regulation of plasma glucose, promotes release of glucose from cells into plasma
Term
somatostatin
Definition
pancreas, regulation of secretion of both glucagon and insulin
Term
gastrin and ghrelin
Definition
stomach, stimulate acid secretion, GI motility, and hunger
Term
small intestine
Definition
several hormones, actions include regulation of appetite, regulation of enzyme release from pancreas, regulation of bile release from gall bladder, and regulation of GI motility
Term
estrogen
Definition
ovary, maintenance and development of female reproductive tract, gamete development, and secondary sex characteristics
Term
progesterone
Definition
ovary, regulation of pregnancy
Term
androgens
Definition
testes, maintenance and development of male reproductive tract, gamete development, and secondary sex characteristics
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