- top and rear.

- includes the sensory cortex, info. related to touch. 

- The parietal lobe is a lobe in the brain. It is positioned above (superior to) the occipital lobe and behind (posterior to) the frontal lobe.

- The parietal lobe unites sensory information from different modalites, particularly determining spatial sense and navigation; maps objects perceived visually into body coordinate positions.

- oldest part and central core of the brain.

- connects the brian to the spinal cord and controls autonomic functions, such as Breathing, Digestion, Heart Rate & Blood Pressure 

- the brain is dived into 3 major parts:

     * Hindbrain

     * Midbrain

     * Forebrain 

- controls coordination, motor skills & balance.

- intoxication = cerebellum is impacted.

- VITAL FUNCTIONS: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure.

- involved in reflex behaviors, like chewing, swallowing, vomitting

- lower portion of brainstem. 

- looks like a swelling at the tip of the spinal cord.

- responsible for facial expressions.

- triggers motor neurons that control the face (teeth, tongue, and other parts of face)

- receives sensory info. 

- includes reticular formation 

- a nerve network located inside the brainstem.

- the reticular formation is a part of the brain which is involved in stereotypical actions, such as walking, sleeping, and lying down. It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms.

- involved in arousal, attention, motor function, sleep cycles, pain perception.

- severed = coma 

- smallest part of the brainstem

- invlved in visual orientation and tracking (movement of eyes) 

- Auditory Orientation.

     * helps us discern where a sound is comes from.

-  houses dopamine-producing cells

- the brain's sensory switch board.

- located on top of brainstem.

- directs all sensory info. to and from spinal cord and cerebral cortex. 

- involved in motor control, sensory perception, sleep/wakefulness, arousal, consciousness, & awareness. 

- beneath the thalamus.

- helps control the pituitary gland and autonomic vervous sustem.

- regulates biological drives and internal homeostasis.

- pleasure/reward center of brain.

- release of dopamine - pleasures of eating, drinking, and sex. 

- release of dopamine could ensure survival because humans would continue doing those things, to get the pleasure "feeling" 

- the lobe in each cerebral hemisphere that includes the prefrontal area and the motor projection areas.

- makes us who we are (personality)

- motor cortex controls movement.

- attachment to other people. 

- involved in memory, judgement, planning, impulse control, judgment, language production, working memory, motor function, sexual behavior, socialization, and spontaneity.

- The frontal lobes assist in planning, coordinating, controlling, and executing behavior.

- LEFT FRONTAL LOBE: Broca's Area (speech production) 

- People who have damaged frontal lobes may experience problems with these aspects of cognitive function, being at times impulsive; impaired in their ability to plan and execute complex sequences of actions; perhaps persisting with one course of action or pattern of behavior when a change would be appropriate.

- MAKES US DIFFERENT FROM ALL OTHER MAMMALS. 

- the body's ultimate control and information center

- interpret's sensory info from the brain.

- controls voluntary muscle movement.

- generates thoughts, solves problems and is involved in learning.

- forms and stores memories. 

- band of fibers that runs from the front of the skull to the back.

- divides the brain into two halves, bilaterally.

- two halves of the brain known as the two HEMISPHERES

- the two hemispheres are then divided into 4 LOBES. 

- Frontal Lobe

- Parietal Lobe

- Occipital Lobe

- Temporal Lobe 

- back of the head

- includes the visual areas, which receive visual info. from the opposite visual field. 

- "Eyes in the back of ur head."

- located in Frontal Lobe.

- speech production.

- non-fluent aphasias: patient is unable to utter or write a single word. 

- region that borders on the auditory primary projection area.

- deficit in understanding word meaning.

- fluent aphasias: can talk but cannot comprehend or understand. 

- area at the back of the frontal lobes. 

- executes voluntary movements.

- directs muscular responses; coluntary movement.

- area at the front of the parietal lobes.

- registers and processes impulses from the skin senses & from movement of the body.

- electrical stimulation to this region of the brain could lead an individual to feel something on the face or a touch on the shoulder.  

- the more sensitive the body region, the greater area of the sensory cortex devoted to it. 

- detects simple stimuli.

- allows us to recognize faces. 

- visual processing center.

- includes visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field.

- right/left.  different "personality" types. 

- one side of the brain does not act independently of the other.

- right to left; left to right  

- the human brain is separated by a longitudinal fissure, separating the brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres connected by the corpus collasum. The two sides of the brain are similar in appearance, and every structure in each hemisphere is generally mirrored on the other side. Despite these strong similarities, the functions of each cortical hemisphere are different.

- Aphasia (or aphemia) is a loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language, due to injury to brain areas specialized for these functions. It is not a result of deficits in sensory, intellect, or psychiatric functioning.

- damage to Wernicke's or Broca's area. 

- The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei in the brain, interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem.  Mammalian basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions and learning.

- controls smooth muscle (heart, stomach and intestine muscle). 

- prosopagnosia, or face-blindness, is when you are unable to recognize other humans by their faces.

- Prosopagnosia (sometimes known as face blindness) is a disorder of face perception where the ability to recognize faces is impaired, while the ability to recognize other objects may be relatively intact. The term usually refers to a condition following acute brain damage, but recent evidence suggests that a congenital form of the disorder may exist. The specific brain area usually associated with prosopagnosia is the fusiform gyrus..