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The brain and the nervous system
Key terms in Chapter 2
27
Psychology
11th Grade
12/20/2009

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Term
Neuroscientist
Definition
A scientist who studies the brain and the nervous system.
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
The two large hemispheres that cover the upper part of the brain. It is the most higly developed and complex part of the human brain.
Term
Cerebral Cortex
Definition
The layer of tissue that forms the outer layer and surface of the cerebrum; responsible for basic sensory and motor functions, as well as higher mental processes. It is 3mm thick and contains 70% of the neurons in the central nervous system. It covers most of the brain with an outer layer of grey matter.
Term
Grey matter
Definition
Spongy tissue made up of cells.
Term
Corticalisation
Definition
The increase in the size and wrinkling of the human cortex, compared with the cortex of other animals.
Term
Fissure
Definition
A groove or furrow that divides an organ into lobes or parts.
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
A thick band of fibres connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.
Term
Spatial neglect
Definition
A tendency to ignore the left or right side of one's body and the left or right side of visual space after damage to one of the brain hemispheres.
Term
Lobes
Definition
Term
Frontal Lobes
Definition
Term
Mortor cortex
Definition
Term
Broca's area
Definition
Term
Broca's aphasia
Definition
Term
Parietal lobes
Definition
Term
Sensation
Definition
Term
Somatosensory Cortex
Definition
Term
Temporal lobes
Definition
Term
Auditory cortex
Definition
Term
Wernicke's area
Definition
Term
Wernicke's aphasia
Definition
Term
Occipital lobes
Definition
Term
Visual cortex
Definition
Term
Tumor
Definition
Term
Association cortex
Definition
Term
Aphasia
Definition
Term
How much does the human brain weigh? What is the brain body size ratio for humans?
Definition
Human brain weighs 1.5 kgs.
The size ratio is 1 to 60.
Term
Why is the cerebral cortex convoluted?
Definition
The cortex in lower animals is small and smooth. I humans, it is higly convoluted(folded) and is the largest brain structure. These folds increase the cerebrum's surface area and, naturally, the number of neurons and neural connections possible.
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