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Textiles: Special Use Fibers
Chapter 9 in Textiles by Sara J. Kadolph (11th edition)
32
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Undergraduate 3
10/10/2010

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Term
aramid
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in which at least 85 perfect of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings
Term
carbon
Definition
a fiber made of at least 96 percent pure carbon
Term
ceramic
Definition
a fiber composed of metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitride, or other mixtures
Term
comfort stretch
Definition
refers to the ability of a fiber or fabric to elongate slightly as the body moves and to recover a significant portion of that elongation when the stretching force is removed
Term
elastane
Definition
an alternative term for spandex
Term
elasterell-p
Definition
a generic subclass of a stretch polyester
Term
elastoester
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is composed of at least 50 percent by weight of aliphatic polyether and at least 5 percent by weight of polyester
Term
elastomer
Definition
a natural or synthetic polymer that, at room temperature, can be stretched repeatedly to at least twice its original length and that, after removal of the tensile load, will immediately and forcibly return to approximately its original length
Term
emulsion spinning
Definition
a fiber-extrusion metod in which polymerization and extrusion occur simultaneously
Term
fluoropolymer
Definition
a manufactured fiber containing at least 95 percent of a long-chain polymer synthesized from aliphatic fluorocarbon polymers
Term
glass
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is glass
Term
gore-tex
Definition
a poromeric multiplex fabric combining fluoropolymer film with fabric to produce a water-impermeadble but comfortable fabric.  It is produced by W. L. Gore & Associates
Term
grin-through
Definition
occurs when some elastomeric fibers break and the broken ends or loops of broken fibers appear on the fabric's surface.  In pile and tufted fabrics, it describes where the base structure shows through the pile surface
Term
lastol
Definition
generic subclass of an elastic olefin
Term
lastrile
Definition
a synthetic rubber in which the fiber-forming substance is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a diene composed of not more than 50 percent but at least 10 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units
Term
melamine
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a synthetic polymer composed of at least 50 percent by weight of a cross-linked melamine polymer
Term
metallic fibers
Definition
manufactured fibers composed, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic, or a core completely covered by metal
Term
modacrylic
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of less than 85 percent but at least 35 percent by weight acrylonitrile units except when the polymer qualifies as rubber
Term
neoprene
Definition
describes a composite fabric combining a film of polychloroprene with a woven, knitted, or fiberweb fabric
Term
novoloid
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance contains at least 35 percent by weight of cross-linked novolac
Term
PBI
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain aromatic polymer having recurring imidazole groups as an integral part of the polymer chain
Term
polyhenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO)
Definition
a special-use fiber made of polyphenylene benzobisoxazole
Term
Polyimide (PI or PEI)
Definition
a special-use fiber made from polyetherimide
Term
PLA
Definition
a renewable fiber made from fermented cornstarch and melt-spun
Term
Power stretch
Definition
refers to the ability of a fiber or fabric to exhibit high retractive forces that mold, support, or shape the body
Term
rubber
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is comprised of natural or synthetic rubber
Term
saran
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 80 percent by weight of vinylidene chloride units
Term
spandex
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polymer consisting of at least 85 percent of a segmented polyurethane
Term
stainless steel
Definition
a type of metallic fiber
Term
sulfar
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polysulfide in which at least 85 percent of the sulfide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings
Term
vinal
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 50 percent by weight of vinyl alcohol units and in which the total of the vinyl alcohol units and any one or more of the various acetal units is at least 85 percent by weight of the fiber
Term
vinyon
Definition
a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85 percent by weight of vinyl chloride units
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