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| When was the cotton gin invented and what does it do? |
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Definition
| 1798; separates seed from fiber |
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| What are linters used for? |
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| producing rayon and acetate |
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| How many seeds are in 1 cotton bowl? |
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| How many fibers grow out of one seed of cotton? |
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about 20,000 fibers
Seeds used as byproduct; livestock feed, etc. |
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| What is the basic unit of the cellulose molecule? |
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| What are the conditions that cotton needs to grow? |
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70 Degrees or higher
requires long growing season
Grown in almost 80 countries |
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| Cotton is considered to be the most _________ apparel fiber in the U.S. |
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| WHat does the cross section of a cotton fiber? |
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A lima bean
Very Middle: Lumen
Inside: Secondary Cell Wall
Outer part: Primary Cell wall |
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| What are the ribbon like twists called and what desirable property do they contribute? |
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| Convolutions- cohesiveness (makes them want to come together |
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| What fiber properties are responsible for the comfort of cotton? |
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Definition
-Absorbs moisture
-Good heat conductor- keeps you cool
-Good electrical conductor- no static electricity created
Soft hand |
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| Is cotton a poor or good heat conductor? How does it compare to wool? |
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Definition
-Good heat conductor
-Wool is poor heat conductor (holds heat in) |
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| What are some GOOD end uses of cotton? |
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| GOod: Sheets, towels, work out clothes, pillow cases, socks, good in hospitals for sanitizing |
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| What are POOR end uses of cotton? |
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| Winter coat, wedding dress, gloves, fire blanket, carpet (lacks loft), shower curtain (mildew buildup), suit |
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| What care method lables could be used for cotton? Why? |
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Machin wash/dry
can be safely ironed
cotton gets stronger when it's wet, can withstand wear and tear
Not affected/harmed by bleach |
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Describe the following properties of cotton:
Abrasion resistance:
Sunlight resistance:
Resiliencey:
Wet & Dry Strength: |
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Definition
Abrasion resistance: Good
Sunlight resistance: Oxidizes in sunlight, yellows and fades (bad)
Resiliency: Poor; unless finished
Wet & Dry strength: becomes stronger when wet |
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Definition
| No commerical pesticides or fertilezers used for at least 3 years |
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| Organic farming has started; but it's been less than 3 years |
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| Been washed w/ mild, natural based soap but not bleached or treated w/ other chemicals |
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| Cotton comes in a variety of lengths, what are the three categories? |
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| Upland Cottons, Long Staple cottons, short staple cottons |
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-7/8-1 1/4 inches long
-97% of U.S. Cotton crop |
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1 6/16-1 1 1/2 inches long
3% of U.S. cotton crop
i.e.: pima, supima, egyptian cotton (better quality- softer smoother stronger, more lustrous) |
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| Environmental Impact/ Sustainability deals with: |
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Definition
| the methods of growing cotton crops |
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| Mainstream Farming method and how it relates to environmental impact/ sustainability |
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Definition
-Uses Chemicals to fertilize
- 20 inches of rain needed per year
-Water contaminated w/ chemicals & pesticides |
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| When can a cotton symbol be used? |
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| Cotton symbol can only be used if at least 60% cotton is used in blend |
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| Lightweight, buoyant, soft, can't be spun into yarn- used for fiber fill (stuffed in pillows, etc) |
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| Coconut (inside outershell of coconut), core fiber is cinnamon brown in color, stiff & course, used in indoor/ outdoor mats, used as floor textile b/c of durability (floor tiles; & brushes) |
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| Known for high strength, doesn't rot when exposed to water, used for rope and twin, commerical production is not allowed in the U.S. |
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| Cheapest & weakest cellulosic fibers; "burlap", very old fiber- called "sack cloth" in the Bible. Potato sack, olefin is competition, carpet backing, rope and twine |
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| Used in rope and twin, (similar end uses to Jute), Looking for other raw materials to make paper fiber, looking into blending in w/ cotton. |
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Oldest textile fibers, "nodes" on fibers, known for it's beautiful texture to it, similar to bamboo look found linen clothes in egyptian tombs, linen refers to flax fibers, used in table, bed, and bath textiles, today flax is seen as a prestige fiber, moderately high cost
Less environmental impact than cotton
durable but wrinkles easily (low resiliency and lacks elasticity) used in home furnishings and apparel |
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| One of the strongest natural fibers, "china grass/grass cloth", "army/navy cloth", gets stronger when wet, resistant to insects, rotting, mildew & shrinkage, often blended w/ other fibers often. Used for a geo-textile, first came on market for use in apparel- but feels like straw, try to blend w/ other fibers, sweaters, shirts, home furnishings |
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| Comes from pineapple plant leaves, lightweight and sheer fabric, fairly stiff, used as base for formal wear in the Philipenes. |
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| Obtained from banana tree family, course and up to 15 ft long, end products- table linens, floormats, ropes, some wicker furniture |
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| Used for higher quality ropes, twine and brush bristles, fibers are smooth, straight and yellow, upholstery, drapery and custom rugs, used in ropes (NOT in saltwater b/c degraded in salt water) |
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| Hemp, Jute, Kenaf, Flax, Ramie |
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| Pina, Abaca, Sisal, Henequen |
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