Term
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Definition
Augite/Pyroxene
Dark green/black
Mineral
2 cleavage angles @ ~90 degrees
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Term
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Definition
Apatite
Dull brown
Mineral
No cleavage
Similar to corundum
Does NOT scratch glass |
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Term
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Definition
Anthracite Coal
Black and Shiny
Metamorphic
Can be harder than bituminous
Non-foliated |
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Term
|
Definition
Basalt
Extrusive
Igneous
Mafic black or grey
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Term
|
Definition
Biotite Mica
Black/Brown
Mineral
Flakes off in Sheets
1 planar cleavage |
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Term
|
Definition
Calcite
Clear/yellow clear
Mineral
Effervesces in HCl |
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Term
|
Definition
Corundum
Dull brown
Mineral
No cleavage
Scratches Glass |
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Term
|
Definition
Diorite
Intermediate grey/dark grey
Igneous
Intrusive
Mostly plagioclase feldspar, biotite, hornblende, pyroxene
Medium grains maybe w/ porphyry |
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Term
|
Definition
Hematite
Red-rust coloured
Mineral
Rubs off on hands (seriously...) |
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Term
|
Definition
Fluorite
Translucent with green/purple glow inside
Mineral
Can't scratch glass
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Term
|
Definition
Gabbro
Dark green
Igneous
Dense
Intrusive/Coarse-grained |
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Term
|
Definition
Galena
Silver
Mineral
Metallic
Cubic cleavage
Very dense |
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Term
|
Definition
Garnet
Deep purple-red
Mineral |
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Term
|
Definition
Gneiss
Pink and black or
White and black-banded
Metamorphic
Foliated |
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Term
|
Definition
Granite
Do I really need to add a description?
Igneous |
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Term
|
Definition
Graphite
Metallic, dull grey
Mineral
Poor cleavage
Writes on paper like lead |
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Term
|
Definition
Gypsum
Cloudy-clear or opaque white
Mineral
Good cleavage
Soft; easily scratched with fingernail |
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Term
|
Definition
Halite
Clear
Mineral
Cubic cleavage
Salty (if you care to taste it...?)
Does not effervesce with HCl
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Term
|
Definition
Hornblende
Black
Mineral
Kinda shiny
Splintery (devil-horn analogy) |
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Term
|
Definition
Hornfels
Black
Metamorphic
Hard
Non-foliated |
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Term
|
Definition
Magnetite
Rusty brown/black
Mineral
Extremely magnetic
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Term
|
Definition
Marble
Looks like the girls' bathroom stall
White/bluish
Metamorphic
Reacts with HCl
Non-foliated |
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Term
|
Definition
Metaconglomerate
Often greenish
Metamorphic
Squished Pebbles
Non-foliated (do not confuse with Gneiss...because metaconglomerate is very mean.) |
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Term
|
Definition
Hematite
Metallic silver/glittery
Mineral
Glitter rubs off
Magnetic |
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Term
|
Definition
Muscovite Mica
Clear/gold
Mineral
Peals off in sheets
1-planar cleavage |
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Term
|
Definition
Obsidian
volcanic glass
Dark in colour
Not crystalline |
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Term
|
Definition
Olivine
Olive green colour
Mineral
Sometimes small green crystals
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Term
|
Definition
Pegmatitic Granite
More coarse than granite |
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Term
|
Definition
Peridotite
Ultramafic
Igneous
Mostly pyroxene and olivine
Coarse-grained
Dense |
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Term
|
Definition
Phyllite
Flat
Metamorphic
Like slate, but with reflective sheen
Foliated |
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Term
|
Definition
Plagioclase Feldspar
Whitish grey
2 good cleavage planes at ~90 degrees |
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Term
|
Definition
Porphyritic Andesite
Plagioclase + olivine/hornblende
Extrusive Igneous
Intermediate |
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Term
|
Definition
Potassium Feldspar
Pinkish
2 planes of good cleavage at ~90 degrees |
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Term
|
Definition
Pumice
Usually felsic/intermediate
Extrusive Igneous
Silky or fibrous
Can be vesicular
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Term
|
Definition
Pyrite
Fool's gold
(that's pretty much it, I guess?) |
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Term
|
Definition
Quartz
Pink/clear in lab
Mineral
Scratches glass
Conchoidal fracture |
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Term
|
Definition
Quartzite
Light-coloured like sandstone
Metamorphic
Smooth |
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Term
|
Definition
Rhyolite
Felsic
Igneous extrusive
Usually quartz+plagioclase
Samples in lab usually smooth with small phenocrysts |
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Term
|
Definition
Schist
Shimmery
Metamorphic
Looks like flakes
Foliated |
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Term
|
Definition
Scoria
Dark
Igneous
Vesicular and rough
Looks and feels like dried sponge |
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Term
|
Definition
Slate
Dark like mudstone
Hard
Flat and dull
Foliated |
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Term
|
Definition
Talc
Pearly grey
Soapy texture |
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Term
|
Definition
Volcanic Tuff
Volcanic Ash welded together |
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Term
|
Definition
Arkose
Grey or reddish
Sedimentary
At least 25% feldspar
Quartz is commonly dominant
Fizzes slightly in HCl |
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Term
|
Definition
Bituminous Coal
Usually black
Sedimentary
Dull or bright bands
Soft |
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Term
|
Definition
Breccia
Broken mineral fragments cemented together
Grains bigger than tuff |
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Term
|
Definition
Calcerinite (dune limestone)
Made up of shells and quartz sand cemented together
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Term
|
Definition
Chalk
White
Sedimentary
Soft and porous |
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Term
|
Definition
Chert
Usually grey to brown
Sedimentary
Finegrained and microfibrous |
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Term
|
Definition
Conglomerate
Sedimentary
Rounded rocks cemented together |
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Term
|
Definition
Coquina
Mainly calcite
Think of hashbrowns |
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Term
|
Definition
Hematitic Sandstone
Sedimentary
Composed of quartz and/or feldspar |
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Term
|
Definition
Lignite
Brownish-black
Sedimentary
Will probably be in bag |
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Term
|
Definition
Micrite
Grey to tan
Sedimentary
Dense and uniform
Fine-grained
Effervesces in HCl
Conchoidal fracture |
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Term
|
Definition
Mudstone
Looks like hard clay/mud
Fine-grained sedimentary
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Term
|
Definition
Oolitic Limestone
Look for the 'O's! |
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Term
|
Definition
Quartz Sandstone
Sedimentary rock of quartz sand particles |
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Term
|
Definition
Rock Salt
Is salty (if you care to lick it...?)
coloured
Cubic
Basically giant salt |
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