the test items have been piloted on a smiliar population of people as those who are meant to take the test and that achievement norms have been established

The purpose of these tests is to distinguish between people

involves randomly dividing a test into two different sections and then correlating people's performances on the two halves.

The closer the correlation coefficient is to +1, the greater the split-half reliability of the test

It measures what is is supposed to measure, accuracy.

A test cannot be valid if it is not reliable

refers to sa superficial measure of accuracy.

Ex) a test of cake-baking ability had high face validity if you are looking for a chef but low face validity if you are in the market for a doctor

refers how well a measure refelcts the entire range of material it is supposed to be testing

Ex) If one really wanted to design a test to find a good chef, a test required someone to create an entree and whip up a salad dressing in addition to baking a bake would have greater content validity

measures how much of a chracteristic a person has now

Ex) is a person a good chef now?

is thought to be most meaningful kind of validity.

We can correlate performance predictive and concurrent peforamcne on this measure with their performance on any new measure. The higher the correlation, the more consturct validity the new measure has.

generally consists of a large number of questions asked in a short amount of time

The goal is how quicly a person can solve problems. The time alloted is insufficient to complete the problems

To guage the difficulty level of problems an individual can solve.

Consist of items of increasing difficulty levels. They are given enough time to work through as many problems as they can since the goal is to determine the ceiling difficulty level

Group tests are administered to a large number of people at a time. Interaction between the examiner and the people taking the test is minimal.

Less expensive

Our ability to solve abstract problems and pick up new information and skills

Seems to decrease as adults age

Involves using knowledge accumulated over tiem

research shows that it holds steady or may even increase

argued that intelligence could be expressed by a single factor. He used factor analysis, a technique that measures the correlations between different items

Underlying the many different specific abilities s that people regard as types of intelligence is a single fctor that he named g

Thurstone's mental abilitites theory states that intelligence is comprised of seven main abilities including reasoning, verbal comprehension, and memeory.

Guilford posited the existence of well over 100 different mental abilitites

Howard Gardner's idea

The three main intelligences are linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial

Gardner has also added musical, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist intelligence

EQ, emotional intelligence

EQ corresponds to Gardner's notions on interpersonal andi ntrapersonal intelligence.
People with the higheset IQs are not always the most successful people. They contend that both EQ and IQ are needed to succeed.

Triarchic Theor- three types of intellignece exist 

1)ability to compare and contrast, explain, and analyze

2) experiential intelligence, focuses on people's ability to use their knowledge and experiences in enw and creative ways

3) contextual or practical intelligence- ususally apply to street-smart, they are able to apply what they know to real-world situations

Wanted to improve the children's education by finding a way to tailor their needs.

Came up with MENTAL AGE- intelligence increases as one gets older

Created a test that would identify children who lagged or faster than their conterparts

Created STANFORD-BINET IQ TEST

A person's IQ score on this test is computed by dividing the person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying by 100.

Ex) a child, 10 with 15 mental age would be 15/10x 100=150

For adults, Terman assigned all adults with an arbitary age of 20

Created the WESCHLER ADULT INTELLIGNECE SCALE (WAIS) is used in testing adults

WESCHLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN (WICS) given to children between six and 16

WESCHLER PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCALE OF INTELLIGENCE (WPPSI) given to children as young as four

These exams comprises of defining words, mathematical word problems, patterns and blocks

Differences between a person's score on the verbal performance sections of this exam can be used to identify learning disabilities

Cannot be proven through controlled experiments

Flynn Effect

Monozygotic (identical) twins score similarly on intelligence tests, thus concluding NATURE

Racial differences conclude that intelligence is genetically determined

Separated identical twins shows intelligence is environmental

Measure of how much of a trait's variation is explained by genetic factors.

Can range from 0 to 1, where 0 indictaes taht the environment is totally responsible for differneces in the trait and 1 means that all of the variaton in the trait can be accounted fro genetically