Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Staph. Aureus
-Group B Strep
-Strep Pneumonia
-Clostridium perfringens --> gas gangrene |
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Term
| Not stained/Gram negative |
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Definition
-Neisseria meningitides
-Haemophilus influenza
-E. coli |
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Term
| Antibacterial/Antimicrobial |
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Definition
| inhibit bacterial growth (bacteriostatic) or kill bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, rickettsiae growth (bacteriocidal) |
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Term
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Definition
| produce toxins that cause cell death; produce enzyme (beta-lactamase) that destroys beta-lactam antibiotics like PCN & cephalosporins |
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Term
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Definition
| through repeated exposure to same drug |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Adverse reactions to Antibacterials |
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Definition
| hypersesitivity, superinfection, and organ toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| rash, pruritis, hives, anaphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary infection when normal flora disturbed; fungal common (thrush) |
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Term
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Definition
liver & kindey involvement
example: Aminoglycosides = nephrotoxic, ototoxic |
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Term
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Definition
-one type of organism, ie gram +
-very selective & more potent |
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Term
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Definition
| gram + & gram - organisms |
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Term
| Culture & Sensitivity (C&S) |
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Definition
| determines drug to use to kill bacteria; also shows resistance or sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria-produced enzymes that attack penicillins |
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Term
| Narrow Spectrum Penicillins |
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Definition
| Penicillin G & Penicillin V |
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Term
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Definition
-oral
-not absorbed well
-take on empty stomach
-IM/IV more effective, but painful
-Procaine added to lessen discomfort
Examples: Wycillin, Bicillin |
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Term
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Definition
-give for mild to moderate infections (anthrax)
-oral, not absorbed well
-take on empty stomach
Examples: Veetids, V-Cillin K |
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Term
| Broad Spectrum Penicillins |
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Definition
-for gram + & gram - (e. coli, h. influenza, shigella dysenteriae, proteus mirabilis, salmonella)
-not effective against staph. aureus
-expensive
-decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
-not penicillinase resistant, easily inactivated by beta-lactamase |
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Term
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Definition
Treats UTI, URI, OM, & sinusitis
-Dose: 250-500 mg q8h po
-SE: n/v/d, rash, diarrhea
-Adverse: superinfection, bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia
-Contraindications: allergy to PCN, severe renal disease
-Drug-food: decreased effect with acidic fruit & juice |
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Term
| Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins |
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Definition
-antistaph penicillins
-treat penicillinase-producing s. aureus
-not effective against gram infections |
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Term
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Definition
-oral
-treat staph aureus
-SE: hepatotoxic
-Nafcillin (Unipen) - IM, IV |
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Term
Extended Spectrum Penicillins
(antipseudomonal penicillins) |
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Definition
-Broad spectrum
-useful against many gram-bacilli, including pseudomonal aeruginosa
-not penicillinase resistant |
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Term
| Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors |
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Definition
-Broad spectrum (amoxicillin) + beta-lactamase(enzyme) inhibitor (clavulanic acid) = Augmentin, which inhibits bacterial beta lactamases, making ATB effective
Examples: clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
-not given alone
-comined with penicillinase-sensitive penicillin (ampicillin) to make drug more effective |
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Term
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Definition
Gram +, Gram -, & resistant to beta-lactamase
-similar to PCN
-10% of people are allergic to PCN with cross-allergy to cephalosporins; if PCN allergic, and taking a cephalosporin, watch for allergic reaction |
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Term
| Cephalosporins (drug names) |
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Definition
| -oral: cephalexin (Keflex), cefuroxime (Ceftin), cefadroxil (Duricef), cefdinir (Omnicef), cefaclor (Ceclor) |
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Term
| *Cephazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) |
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Definition
-treat: URI, UTI, skin infections
-dose: 250mg-2g q 6-8 h IM/IV
-SE: GI distress, increased bleeding time, rash
Adverse: superinfections, urticaria, anaphylaxis, nephrotoxic
-drug-drug: Alcohol causes flushing, dizziness, headache, n/v, muscle cramps, toxicity with loop diuretics, uricosurics decrease ceph. excretion |
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