Term
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Definition
| Prokaryotes, binary fission, usually friendly, crucial to the environment, peptidoglycan cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| Prokaryotes, extreme environments (belly button), lack peptidoglycan |
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Term
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Definition
| Eukaryotes, chitin cell walls, multicellular (i.e. molds), unicellular (i.e. yeast), usually friendly |
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Term
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Definition
| Eukaryotes, mobile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| Eukaryotes, cellulose cell walls, photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Acellular, DNA and RNA core, only replicate inside a living host |
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Term
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Definition
Developed by Linnaeus, Genus species (italicized)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Dirty Kangaroos Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Squares |
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Term
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Definition
Base -OH, Acid -H, Salt disassociate to -H and -OH
Cells have a narrow range of tolerable pH |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon skeleton and functional group |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugars & Starches, diverse functions (coding, structure, energy) |
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Term
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Definition
Monosaccharides-3 to 7 carbon atoms
Pentoses- i.e. deoxyribose
Hexoses i.e. glucose
Oligosacchrides- 2 too 20
Polysaccharides- tens or hundreds of monosacchrides joined together through dehydration synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be simple C, H, O or can be complex C, H, O plus P, N, S |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of membrane fluidity, four carbon rings with an -OH group |
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Term
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Definition
| Essential to cell structure and function, enzymes, membrane transporters, flagella, toxins |
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Term
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Definition
Amino group, side group, carboxyl group,
Subunits or proteins, held together by peptide bonds, dehydration synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Primary-amino acid sequence,
Secondary-pleats or helix,
Tertiary-more folding,
Quaternary-two or more polypeptides, |
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Term
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Definition
Pentose, phosphate group, base
Purine-double ring, Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine-single ring, Thymine, Uracil (RNA) and Cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
DNA-Adenine pairs with Thymine, double stranded, messenger, ribosomal, transfer RNA
RNA-Adenine pairs with Uracil, single sanded, viral RNA |
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Term
| Types of Light Microscopy |
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Definition
Compound Light, Darkfield, Phase-Contrast, Differential interference contrast, Fluorescence, Confocal
Cats Don't Play Darts In Flooded Clubs |
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Term
| Compound Light Microscopy |
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Definition
Light Microscope
Used most commonly in our labs
Max resolving power of .2μm |
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Term
| Phase Contrast Microscopy |
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Definition
Light MIcroscope
Good for viewing living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
Light Microscopy
UV light
Can be used with fluorescent stains |
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Term
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Definition
Light Microscopy
Very similar to fluorescence
Fine slices are examined and assembled into a 3D image by a computer, good for biofilm study |
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Term
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Definition
SEM-scanning, black and white, 3D
TEM-transmission, thin sections, 2D |
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Term
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Definition
STM (scanning tunnel) or AFM (atomic forces)
Uses lasers
Resolving power to visualize atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| diplococci (pairs), streptococci (chain of balls), tetrads (four balls), sarcinae (four balls on four balls), staphylococci (a bunch of balls) |
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Term
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Definition
SIngle rod
Diplobacilli (two rods)
Streptobacilli (lots of rods)
Coccobacillus (Rod ball mix, blob like) |
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Term
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Definition
Vibrios (curved rod, boomerang)
Spirilla (helical and rigid)
Spirochete (helical and flexible) |
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Term
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Definition
AKA capsule, slime layer, EPS
Protection from macrophages
Allows adherence |
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Term
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Definition
Motility (propeller), may also used for adhesion or secretion
Vary between G+, G-, and Euks |
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Term
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Definition
Monotrichous (one on one side)
Amphi (One on each side)
Lopho (multiple on one side or both sides)
Peri (all over) |
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Term
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Definition
| Unique to spiral shaped bacteria, built into the membrane, rotation of filaments cause the bacteria to rotate causing movement |
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Term
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Definition
short, thin, fibrous
help with adhesion. minor role in motility
sex pili are used for conjugation (transfer of plasmid) |
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Term
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Definition
composed of disaccharides, crosslinked together
amount determines if cell is gram positive or gram negative |
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Term
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Definition
| Necessary for certain ions and achieving high concentrations |
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Term
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Definition
| Isotonic (equal), Hypotonic (lower on outside), Hypertonic (higher on outside) |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein synthesis in both proks and euks |
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Term
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Definition
| reserve deposits of macromolecules for later use, can be used for diagnostics and identification |
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Term
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Definition
| resting structures formed by some bacteria when in a inhospitable environment |
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Term
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Definition
Heat, Crystal Violet, Gram's iodine, ethanol, safranin
Positive Purple
Negative Pink |
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Term
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Definition
Engulfing large particles
phagocytosis-particles
pinocyotosis-fluid |
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Term
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Definition
-ase
lower activation energy, catalysts which speed up reaction
Bind to substrates at the active site |
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Term
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Definition
Competitive-block active site
Alosteric-attach at another site besides the active site |
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Term
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Definition
| Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC (oxidize NADH and FADH2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Another way to breakdown organic compounds for energy, glycolysis and pyruvic cycle, no oxygen necessary |
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Term
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Definition
| how bacteria with biofilms communicate |
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Term
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Definition
hetero-use organic compounds
auto-use CO2 as a carbon source and derive energy from inorganic compounds |
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Term
| Requirements for Bacterial Growth |
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Definition
Physical-Temp, pH, osmotic pressure
Chemical- CNSP, trace elements, organic growth fctors (vitamins), oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Singlet oxygen, superoxide free radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, ozone |
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Term
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Definition
| adhesion, submerged in liquid, surrounded by EPS, quorum sensing |
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Term
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Definition
Adhesion, Growth, Dispersal
Gene regulation is different
Illness may not respond to antibiotics and may be culture negative |
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Term
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Definition
Differential-visual differentiation
Selective-encourages the growth a a target organism
Streaking to isolate individual colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| Lag, Log, Stationary, Death |
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