Aerial View of Persepolis, Iran

• Alexander the Great destroyed the palace as revenge for Atehns being destroyed in the Persian war

• Has columns (learned from Greek slaves the Persians had building the palace)

• Has images of people holding hands or holding each other

  • trying to show a sense of unity amongst different groups of people

Bison with Turned Head, Paleolithic

Human Figure, Neolithic Jordan

Ishtar Gate, Babylon

• ca 575 BCE

• has animals in motion (unicorns, lions, goats, etc)

• two gates in the entry to the city

Jar with Offerings to Inanna, Uruk

Lamassu, Assyrian

• (winged, human-headed bull)
• ca 720 -705 BCE

• in entrance halls of temples

• Wide eyes, long beard, unibrow, headdress (to show diety)

• has five legs

  • possibly because its in motion?

Seated Statue of Gudea, Lagash

Statuettes of Worshipers, Sumer

Stele with Code of Hammurabi, Babylonian

Stonehenge, England, Neolithic

Triumph of Shapur I over Valerian, Iran

Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Akkadian

Ziggurat, Ur

Hall of the Running Bulls, Lascaux, Paleolithic

Nude Woman (Venus of Willendorf), Paleolithic

Meaning "old stone"

• time period that represents the latter partof the Stone Age

meaning "old stone"

• time period that represents the begining of the Stone Age

• part of the stone age, so most tools and items are made of stone
• nomadic culture, hunter/gatherers
• mostly short life spans
• women were important b/c they created and sustained life

Sculpture in the round is described as?

several theories

• religious/worship of animals, praying for a good hunt or food source to continue, etc
• as instructions on how to hunt
• documentation of the hunt
• art for arts sake

• Type of construction where there would be two megaliths (posts) standing vertically, and one megalith laying across the top horizontally (lintel).
• there would have been modifications to the top of the posts so that the lintel would fit into place, sort of like a lego

• moved away from hunter/gatherer & into farming, domesticating animals, etc
• began making buildings
• very religious and spiritual
• stone mostly stone items
• began to pay more attention to human figures (and other topics in art than just hunting)

• paleo - rarely see humans/very little detail (no faces on sculpture, stick people in paintings,etc)
• neo - fairly accurate & detailed humans appear much more often
• neo had many more statues, carvings, and more detailed paintings about a broader range of topics (not just animals)

earliest fortified Neolithic city?

Tar

it was used to help construct buildings

cuneiform

• one of the earliest forms of writing
• came from the Sumerians
• pictographs inscribed into clay tablets with a reed as a stylus, usually

• temples built on step platforms
• seenas symbols of the city-state and proved wealth
• usually made of sunbaked mud-bricks
• example: Ziggurat at Ur

• used for commerative purposes, to publish law, or as a territorial marker
• vertical stone slab usually inscribed with writing or pictures

• wide staring eyes (to show being close to God)
• unibrow
• cylindrical and not very accurately defined body shape

• usually religious
• statues of people could be used as placeholders for those who were working and otherwise unable to worship
• represent mortals praying to the deity

• naram sin serves as  progpoganda to substantiate naram-sins godlike sovereignty & his ability as leader of his army

main purpose of the code of hammurabi was?

• to establish the laws of the government under hammurabi
• the depiction of the god telling hammurabi the laws was to enforce that the laws came from the deities and there was not only earthly punishement for breaking them, but divine reprecussions as well

why did Alexander the Great raze Persepolis?

• it is one of the few times that the greek were dominated
• the persians also tried to build a reputation of acceptance, however with valerian, this was not upheld. valerian was kept locked in the persian palace and was used for social riducule, he was not respected

• akkadian king

• first king to assign his own divinity (as shown in the victory stele)

• began the king-as-divine trend

• "Sargon the Great" akkadian king
• conquered Sumerian city states and much of mesopotamia
• formed the first empire "akkadian empire"
• dynasty ruled for a century and a half

• ruler of Lagash
• has numerous statues and idols of himself, expressing his piety as well as his wealth
• built lots of temples for the gods, especially for Ningirsu
• was concerned with social justice, peace, art, etc