Term
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Definition
Classification: Anti-alcoholic Drug
Indications: Aids in the management of selected chronic alcoholic who want to remain in a state of enforced sobriety.
Action: Inhibits the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase
Major Adverse Effects: Arrhythmia, CV collapse, acute heart failure, MI
Routes: Oral, PO |
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Term
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Definition
Classification: Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Indications: Allergic reactions, cardiac stimulant, relief of respiratory distress of bronchial asthma.
Action: Causes vasoconstriction on alpha receptors; causes bronchodilation, vasodilation and uterine relaxation in beta receptors.
Major Adverse Effects: hypertension resulting in intracranial hemorrhage, CV collapse w/ hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, precordial pain in pts w/ ischemic heart disease.
Routes: SQ, IM, IV, Inhalation. |
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Term
Phenylephrine
(Dristan, Dimetapp) |
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Definition
Classification: Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Indications: Nasal congestion, common cold, glaucoma, shock, hypotensive crisis, anesthetic adjunct, PSVT
Action: stimulates alpha-1 receptors and causes vasoconstriction causing decreased CO and increased BP
Major Adverse Effects: Headache, restlessness, excitability, reflex bradycardia following increased BP.
Routes: PO, Topical, IM, IV |
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Term
Clonidine
(Catapres & Nexiclon XR) |
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Definition
Classification: Antihypertensive
Indications: Treatment of Hypertension
Action: Decrease BP
Major Adverse Effects: Dry mouth, dry eyes, drowsiness, dizziness, HA, fatigue, edema, constipation, and impotence
Routes: PO, transdermal
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Term
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Definition
Classification: antihypertensive
Indications: Short term (<48hrs), in hospital management of hypertensive emergencies, including malignant hypertension w/ end-organ deterioation
Action: acts as an agnoist at dopamine d1- like receptors. Also binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors. Acts as a vasodilator.
Major Adverse Effects: HA, hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, flushing.
Routes: IV |
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Term
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Definition
Classification: Inotropic, vasopressor
Indications: Adjunct to standard measures to improve: BP, CO, urine output in treatment of shock unresponsive to fluid replacement.
Action: Increase cardiac output, increased BP and imporved renal blood flow.
Major Adverse Effects: arrhythmias, hypotension.
Routes: IV
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Term
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Definition
Classification: antihypertensive
Indications: mild to moderate hypertension
Action: lowering BP, decreased cardiac preload and afterload, decreased symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia.
Major Adverse Effects: dizziness, HA, weakness, palpitations, first-dose orthostatic hypotension
Routes: PO
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Term
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Definition
Classification: antianginals, antihypertensive
Indications: Hypertension, angina pectoris, prevention of MI and decreased mortality in patient w/ recent MI.
Action: decrease BP and HR, decrease frequency of attacks of angina pectoris, decreased rate of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in patients w/ HF
Major Adverse Effects: fatigue, weakness, erectile dysfunction, bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema.
Routes: PO, IV
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Term
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Definition
Classification: None assigned (pharmacologic: Cholinergics)
Indications: Managment of xerostomia, which may occur as a result of radiation therapy for cancer of the head and neck.
Action: increased salivary gland secretion.
Major Adverse Effects: nausea, vomiting, flushing, sweating.
Routes: PO
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Term
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Definition
Classification: None
Indications: Adjunct therapy w/ behavioral modification in the managment of nicotine withdrawl in patients desiring to give up cigarette smoking.
Action: Lessened sequelae of nicotine withdrawl (irritability, insomnia, somnolence, headache, and increased appetite).
Major Adverse Effects: HA, insomnia, pharyngitis, tachycardia, erythema.
Routes: gum, inhaler, lozenge, nasal spray, transdermal.
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Term
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Definition
Classification: Antimyasthenics
Indications: Prevention and treatment of postoperative bladder distention and urinary retention or ileus
Action: improved muscular function in patients w/ myasthenia gravis, improved bladder-emptyingin patients with urinary rentention.
Major Adverse Effects: Seizures, bradycardia, bronchospasms, excess secretions, NVD.
Routes: PO, IV, IM
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Term
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Definition
Classification: Sedative/Hypnotic/benzodiazepine
Indications: Anxiety disorder(oral). Preoperative sedation (inj).
Decrease preoperative anxiety and provides amnesia.
Action: Sedation. Decreased anxiety. Decreased seizures.
Major Adverse Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, Apnea, Cardiac arrest.
Routes: PO, IM, IV
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Term
Bethanechol
(Duvoid, Urabeth, Urecholine) |
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Definition
Classification: Urinar tract stimulant, Cholinergic
Indications: Postpartum and postoperative nonobstructive urinary retention or urinary retention caused by neurogenic bladder.
Action: mimics the effects of acetylcholine and helps empty the bladder.
Major Adverse Effects: Heart Block, syncope/cardiac arrest, abdominal discomfort, NVD.
Routes: PO, SQ
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Term
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Definition
Classification: diuretic, potassium sparing
Indications: counteract potassium loss caused by other diuretics. Used w/ other agents (thiazides) to treat edema or hypertension.
Action: weak diuretic and antihypertensive response when compared w/ other diuretics. Conservation of Potassium.
Major Adverse Effects: hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia, photosensitivity
Routes: PO
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Term
acetaZOLAMIDE
(Dazamide, Diamox) |
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Definition
Classification: Anticonvolsant, anitglaucoma agent, diuretic, ocular hypertension agent.
Indications: lowering intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma.
Action: lowering intraocular pressure. control some types of seizures.
Major Adverse Effects: Steven-Johnson Syndrome, Aplastic Anemia, Hemolytic Anemia, Leukopenia, Anaphlyaxis
Routes: PO, IV
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Term
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Definition
Classification: Antiarrhythmics
Indications: Given preoperativly to decrease oral ans respiratory secretions. Treatment of sinus bradycardia and heart block.
Action: Increased HR. Decreased GI and respiratory secretions, reversal of muscarinic effects.
Major Adverse Effects: drowsiness, tachycardia, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy.
Routes: PO, IM, SQ, IV
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Term
chloral hydrate
(Aquachloral) |
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Definition
Classification: sedative/hypnotic
Indications: Short-term sedative and hypnotic, reduction of anxiety preoperativly or prior to diagnostic procedure.
Action: Sedation or induction of sleep.
Major Adverse Effects: excessive sedation, NVD.
Routes: PO, Rectal
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Term
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Definition
Classification: Diuretics, loop diuretic
Indications: Edema due to heart failure, hepatic impairment or renal disease, hypertension.
Action: Increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium and calcium. Decrease BP.
Major Adverse Effects: hypochloremia, hypokalemia, nypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia. metabolic acidosis. Aplastic Anemia, Agranulocytosis
Routes: PO, IV, IM
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Term
mannitol
(Osmitrol, Resectisol) |
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Definition
Classification: diuretic
Indications: Acute oliguric renal failure , edema, increased intracranial or intraocular pressure
Action: mobilization of excess fluid in renal failure or edema, reduction of intraocular or intracranial pressure, increased urinary excretion of toxic materials.
Major Adverse Effects: Confusion, transient fluid expansion, renal failure dehydration.
Routes: IV
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Term
tolterdine
(Detrol, Detrol LA) |
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Definition
Classification: urinar tract antispasmodic, anticholinergic
Indications: treatment of overactive bladder function that results in urinary frequency, urgency, or urge incontinence.
Action: decreased urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence.
Major Adverse Effects: HA, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation.
Routes: PO
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