Term
| what are organic molecules? |
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Definition
| complex molecules based on carbon |
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Term
| four major classes of organic molecules in bio |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 valence electrons, 4 covalent bond |
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Term
| the significant about carbon being able to form four covalent bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| different ways carbon's bonding characteristics allow for variety of shapes in organic molecules |
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Definition
-number of bonds between a pair of carbons
-vary in lengths
-change where it branches
-vary locations double bonds
-form rings |
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Term
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Definition
(most basic organic molecule)
consisting of carbon linked only to hydrogen atoms |
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Term
| how is it possible to have four different groups of organic molecules if they all only have carbons and hydrogens in their molecular structure? |
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Definition
| due to functional groups attached to the hydrocarbon backbones |
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Term
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Definition
| small, reactive groups of atoms which give larger molecules specific chemical properties |
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Term
| the major functional groups in biology |
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Definition
| hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, phosphate groups, sufhydryl groups |
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Term
| hydroxyl groups and carbonyl |
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Definition
| increases the solubility of the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| releases hydrogen as H+ in water |
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Term
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Definition
| (consists of nitrogen bonded on 1 side to 2 hydrogen atoms) removes H+, more basic |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphorus atom with 4 linkages conserve or release energy |
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Term
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Definition
| sulfur atom linked to hydrogen atom) stabilizing protein structure |
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Term
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Definition
| have same chemical formula, but have different molecular structures |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2 molecules with same chemical formula but atoms are arranged in different ways |
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Term
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Definition
| mirror images of each other |
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Term
| what reaction involves removing water? |
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Definition
| dehydration synthesis reaction or condensation |
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Term
| what reaction involves adding water? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acid are large polymer |
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Term
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Definition
| assembled from monomers by dehydration synthesis reactions |
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Term
| chemical formula for glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| a monomer of carbohydrates is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| two monomers joined together is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| ten or more monomers joined together is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| the most common polysaccharides |
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Definition
| starch, glycogen, cellulose(equivalent to skeleton), chitin |
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Term
| three common types of lipid molecules |
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Definition
| neutral lipids, phopholipids, steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| stored and used an energy source |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| two types of neutral lipids and their consistency at room temperatures |
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Definition
| oils are lipid, fats are semisolid |
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Term
| why saturated fat are semisolid |
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Definition
| contain only single bonds between the carbons, since the fatty acids are tightly packed together |
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Term
| which organisms would saturated fat be seen in? |
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Definition
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Term
| why unsaturated fats are lipid |
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Definition
| contain one or more double bonds that forms "kinks", since the fatty acids are spaced out |
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Term
| which organism would unsaturated fats be made in? |
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Definition
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Term
| another type of fatty acids used in bio is |
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Definition
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Term
| phospholipids are important in bio because they make up the backbone of |
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Definition
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Term
| the two parts that make up phospholipids? |
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Definition
| fatty acid, phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| phospholipids will form what because of fatty acid and phosphate group characteristics? |
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Definition
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Term
| all steroids have what in common? |
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Definition
| all have the same structure, 4 carbon rings |
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Term
| what are monomers for protein and how many are there/ |
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Definition
| polymers, 20, 50% make up our bodies |
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Term
| four levels of protein structure |
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Definition
| primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary |
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Term
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Definition
| unique sequence of amino acids forming a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by the twists and turns of the amino acid chain |
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Term
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Definition
| the folding of the amino acid chain, with it structures, into the overall 3D shape of a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| when present, is formed from more than polypeptide chain |
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Term
| what is denaturation? what causes it |
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Definition
| unfolding a protein from its active conformation so that it longer than its structure and function, caused by chemical change in high temp |
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Term
| what are the monomers for nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid, stores hereditary information |
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Term
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Definition
| ribonucleic acid, involved in protein synthesis |
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Term
| three parts of nucleotide |
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Definition
| nitrogenous base, five-carbon ring shaped sugar, phosphate groups |
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Term
| DNA shape and which sugar |
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Definition
| double helix (double stranded), deoxyribose sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| single stranded, ribose sugar |
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