-Fluorecein sodium

-Fluorecin & benoxinate

-Rose Bengal

-demonstrates defects in cornea

-scratches turn bright green, foreign bodies surrounded by green

-dye will appear in nasal lacrima if patent; yellow

-Proparacaine (Opthaine, Opthetic)

-Tetracaine (Pontocaine)

-for removal of foregin bodies & portions of eye examination

-anesthesia achieved in 1 minute, lasts 15 minutes

-blink reflex lost temporarily; wisp test

-cornea does not remain moist; eye patch worn until med wears off

-Cipro

-Garamycin

-Tobrex

-Silver nitrate 1%

-neomycin/polymixin B/bacitracin

-Natacyn

-Viroptic

-Vira-A

-cromolyn sodium (Crolom)

-ketotiden (Zatidor)

-olopatadine (Patanol)

-antibacterial for eyes

-conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration

-solution; 2 gtt q 15", x 6h, q 30", etc

-antibacterial for eyes

-infections of external eye

-solution & ointment

-antibacterial for eyes

-prevent & treat opthalmia neonatorum (in baby's eyes)

-antibacterial for eyes

-ointment

-effective against many gram - bacteria in eye

-antibacterial for eyes

-external ocular infections

-solution & ointment

-antifungal for eyes

-solution

-may cause transcient stinging & burning

-antiviral for eyes

-for herpetic opthalmic infection

-1% solution; t gtt q 2h WA, 21 days tx

-antiviral for eyes

-for herpes keratitis & keratoconjunctivitis

-3% ointment; 5x/day

-anti allergy for eyes

-SE: stinging, burning, headache

-lower IOP, increases blood flow to retina

-decreases loss of vision & retinal damage

-for open-angle glaucoma

-similar to acetylcholine

-send nerve impulses to all cholinergic nerve sites

-direct-acting cholinergic

-decreases IOP in glaucoma, induce miosis

-dose: 1-2 gtt tid-qid

-ointment used HS (at bedtime)

-Ocusert q 7 days (contact lens filled w/ med)

-SE: eye pain, blurry vision, headache, increased salivation & sweating

-adverse: HTN, SOB, tachycardia, bronchospasm, retinal detachment

-contraindicated: asthma, epilepsy, GI/GU obst.

-pressure on inner canthis to prevent systemic absorption

-used if pilocarpine not effective

-1-2 gtt qd-qid

-alleviate dryness, during surgery, CNS disorders with excessive blinking

-liquid ointments

example drugs: Isopto Tears, Tearisol, Tears Naturale, Lacri-lube

-can have reaction to preservative

-inactive cholinesterase, inhibit destruction of acetylcholine

-cause pupil constriction & ciliary muscle contraction

-example drugs: Isopto Eserin, Humorsol

-treats wide-angle glaucoma

-short-acting

-ointment & solution used 3-4x/day

-treats open-angle glaucoma

-1-2 gtt bid

-beta-blocker

-decrease IOP in chronic o-a glaucoma & ocular HTN

-not for asthma patients

-caution w/ oral beta-blockers

-1 gtt bid

-beta-blocker

-open-angle glaucoma

-caution w/ oral b-b

-1 gtt bid

-beta-blocker

-reduces production of aqueous humor

-monitor VS

-blurred vision improves w/ time

-Betoptic

-Ocupress

-Timoptic

-levobunolol (Betagan)

-levobetaxolol (Betaxon)

-as effective as b-b with fewer side effects

-SE: brown pigmentation in green-brown or yellow-brown irises; permanent

-blurred vision, ocular hyperemia, dry eye, tearing, light intolerance

example drugs: latanoprost (Xalatan), bimatoprost (Lumigan), Travatan, unoprostone (Rescula)

-prostaglandin analoque

-increases uveoscleral outflow, more effective in AA (African Americans) than non-AA

-1 gtt at HS

-decrease aqueous humor

-for o-a glaucoma

-used if other agents are not effective

-SE: anorexia, lethargy, depression, hypokalemia, parathesia

-caution: do not use if allergy to SULFA or pregnant

-example drugs: Diamox, Azopt, timolol/dorzolamide 0.5%/0.2%, Trusopt

-used pre- & post-operatively to decrease vitreous humor volume, reducing IOP

-for emergency tx of acute closed-angle glaucoma

-SE: headache, n/v/d, disorientation

-example drugs: Osmitrol, isorsorbide (Ismotic), glycerin

-osmotic for eyes

-IV solution 15-20%

-1.5-2g/kg over 30-60 mins

-dilate & paralyze muscles of accomidation

-used during eye surgery

-SE: brow pain, worsening n-a glaucoma (mydriatics), tachycardia, dry mouth, atropine-toxicity (treat with phyostigmine)

-example drugs: Atropsilol, Mydriacyl, Epinal

-cycloplegic for refraction

-1-2 gtt up to qid

-mydriatic

-dilate/anesthesize for eye exam

-blurs central vision, dark spot(s) in eye

-age related (ARMD)

-Wet, dry types

-laser tx., photodynamic tx, meds

-example drugs: Macugen, Lucentis

-progresses rapidly; growth of blood vessels behind retina

-10-15% of cases

-progresses slowly over years; gradual destruction of light-sensitive cells in macula

-85-90% of cases

-reduce middle ear & nasal congestion in acute OM

-example drugs: Dimetapp, Dimetane, Triaminic

- ear wax

-example drugs: debrox, Ear-Dry, Cerumenex (OTC)-soften & remove impacted ear wax

-Cerumenex - low strength peroxide