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Test 4 Special Senses
Special Senses Notes last min (1)
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/28/2009

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Term
located in the olfactory epithelium,
Definition
chemoreceptors
Term
What does the olfactory tract send
Definition
axons of the olfactory bulb neurons - send information to the brain from the olfactory bulb
Term
what 2 sets of neurons are involved in olfaction
Definition
1st order and second order... 1 st is the olfactory receptors.. and 2 nd is the olfactory bulb neurons
Term
what is the olfactory pathway
Definition
the olfactory nerve, olf bulb, olf tract, primary olfactory,
Term
where do the olfactory axons project
Definition
to the limbic system and hypothalamus (acct for emot, and memory resp to odors)
Term
what are the 3 types of papillae
Definition
vallate papillae, fungiform papillae, foliate papillae
Term
papillae at the back of the tongue
Definition
the vallate papillae
Term
mushroom-shaped, scattered on tongue, ea has 5 taste buds
Definition
fungiform papillae
Term
sm trenches on the lateral margins of tongue, most buds degenerate in early childhood
Definition
foliate papillae
Term
covers most of tongue, threadlike, last taste buds, tactile receptors
Definition
filiform papillae
Term
anatomy of a taste bud
Definition
oval body, consisting of 3 types of cells, supporting cellsgustatory receptor cells, basal cells
Term
long microvillus, projects from ea gustatory receptor cells through taste pore
Definition
gustatory hair
Term
_____ synaps with the dendrites of the first order neurons
Definition
gustatory receptor
Term
neurons that form the first part of the gustatory pathway
Definition
gustatory receptor cell
Term
a palpebrae is a ______ and the functions are?
Definition
shade eye during sleep, protect eye from light, and obj, lubricates eyeball,
Term
detail the gustatory pathway
Definition
medulla, axons carry taste signals to the limbic system and hypothalamus
-project to the thalamus, from the the thalamus, some project to primary gustatory area in parietal lobe... taste
Term
what are the accessory structes of the eye
Definition
lids, lashes, brows, lacrimal apparatus, extrinsic eye muscles
Term
structures that produce and drain tears (lacrimal fluid)
Definition
lacrimal apparatus
Term
maintains shape of eyeball, supplies O2, nutrients to lens and cornea,fills anterior cavity
Definition
aqueous humor
Term
what is the purpose of the cornea and lens
Definition
to bend (refract) light for forcusing
Term
how does the eye focus
Definition
by refracting light with the cornea and lens
Term
what is the vitreous chanber
Definition
maintains the shape of the eyeball,
Term
his keeps the retina attached to the choroid
Definition
vitreous chamber
Term
this is the site where the optic nerve exits the eyeball, it lacks rods and cones
Definition
optic disk
Term
the blind spot is the
Definition
optic disk
Term
what 3 processes are involved for image formation
Definition
refraction of light rays, accomodation, constriction of the pupil
Term
how is a light ray refracted
Definition
the cornea and the lens refract light rays from distant obj by focusing the image on the retina, the image is inverted
Term
about ____% of the refraction of light occurs in the cornea
Definition
75
Term
what is accomodation
Definition
when the eye is focusing on a close object, the lens becomes more curved ( the increase in curvature for near vision)
Term
a curve outward in accomodation is a ____ lens
Definition
convex
Term
a _____ lens curves inward
Definition
concave lens
Term
the increase in curvature for near vision is called
Definition
accomodation
Term
accomodation is focusing on a close obj it becomes ______ curved,and it refracts ____ light
Definition
more
Term
how does the eye 'accomodate', the ___ muscle contracts...
Definition
ciliary muscle
Term
explain the ciliary process
Definition
pulls the ciliary process and choriod forward over the lens, release the tension on the lens and zonular fibers, lens becomes convex (elastic)
Term
constriction of the circular muscle causes ______ of the pupil
Definition
constriction
Term
what does constriction of the pupil do
Definition
block light rays, pupil also constricts light,- blurred vision
Term
what is binocular vision
Definition
allows for depth perception/ 3d,
Term
medial movement of the 2 eyeballs that both are directed toward a near obj in order to produce a single obj
Definition
convergence
Term
convergence is accomplished by
Definition
extrinsic eye muscles
Term
optic part of eye is 2 parts, ??
Definition
pigmented and neural layer
Term
the neural layer contains, 3 layers of retinal neurons/ the photoreceptor layer?
Definition
responds to light and contains the rods and cones
Term
rods?
Definition
allow us to see in dim light
Term
the rods contain pigment called?
Definition
rhodopsin,light-sensitive
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