Term
| geriatric patient is someone who is > ages |
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Definition
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Term
| organ function decreases linear from age? by how much each year |
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Definition
| linear decline in organ function starting at age 30 and decreasing by 1% each year. |
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Term
| geriatric patients have a decrease in blood volume of ___% |
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Definition
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Term
| is there increased or decreased collagen in elderly |
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Definition
| decrease collagen so patient at more risk for injury |
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Term
| increase or decrease pulse pressure in elderly |
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Definition
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Term
| aging causes increase or decrease thickness of arterial vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| In children does, Does SV, HR or contractility remain constant |
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Definition
| SV stays constant but HR and afterload is very variable. HR is limited. |
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Term
| regarding pulmonary changes for the geriatric; what happens to their airways and deadspace |
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Definition
| Increase size of the large airspaces means increase physiological deadspace. |
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Term
| aging process of the lungs resembles what disease |
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Definition
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Term
| why if elderly have significant decrease in GFR of their kidneys do they maintain a normal creatinine |
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Definition
| Elderly have decrease muscle mass so they have decrease Cr that now looks normal despite decrease kidney function |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Preterm babies are how old |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| extremely low birth wweight is? very low birth weight is? |
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Definition
Extremely low birth weight <1,000g
Very low birth weight <1500 g
Low birth weight <2,500 g |
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Term
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Definition
APGAR
A: appearance
P: Pulse
G: Grimace
A: Activity
R: Respiration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Normal APGAR score is obtained when? What is it |
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Definition
| 8-10 obtained 1 minute after birth and 5 min after birth. |
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Term
| Normal HR for term neonatal |
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Definition
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Term
| normal RR for term neonatal |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal BP for neonatal term |
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Definition
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Term
| normal temp for neonatal term baby |
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Definition
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Term
| which fontanel closes first the anterior or posterior |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the anterior fontanel close |
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Definition
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Term
| which fontanel is bigger; anteiror or posterior |
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Definition
| anterior hence why it closes last. |
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Term
| a baby with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is at high risk for |
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Definition
1. dehydration
2. contraction alkalosis from so much vomiting |
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Term
what is the estimated blood volume formula for a premature neonate?
2. full term neonate
3. 3-12 month old? |
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Definition
| Just remember premature neonate is 90-100mL/kg. Then minus 10 mL/kg for full term neonate and minus 15mL/kg for 3-12 month old |
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Term
| early childhood is years ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| CF is autosomal dominant or recessive |
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Definition
| Recessive. Need both parents and the recessive from both either as carriers or infected. |
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Term
| Sickle Cell anemia is an inherited disorder oft he ____ chain of adult Hb |
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Definition
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Term
Dehydration for kids can be measured if urine output is
1. < ___ for mild dehydration
2. < ____ for moderate dehdyration
3. < ____ fo severe dehydration |
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Definition
<2mL / kg/hour for mild
Moderate < 1mL/kg/hr
Severe < 0.5mL/kg/hr |
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Term
| for diagnosis of a upper resp infection in a child need any 2 of the following 8 |
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Definition
1. sore throad
2. sneezing
3. rhinorrhea
4. congestion
5. malaise
6. non-productive cough
7. fever <101
8. LAryngitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| AT birth, 1 minute after and 5 minutes after |
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Term
| APGAR at this interval correlates with intrauterine conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| APGAR at this interval correlates with neonatal outcomes |
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Definition
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Term
| causes of microsomia? What percetile range |
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Definition
<10 percentile. Due to:
1. chormosomal defects
2. maternal HTN
3. Maternal Smoking
4. Maternal Drug use
5. Chronic placenta insufficiency |
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Term
| diabetes causes microsomia or macrosomia |
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Definition
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Term
| For infants why are is their SV fixed? Whats this mean for CO |
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Definition
| CO depends on HR!!! Since SV is fixed due to the fact the infant heart is not developed and lacks large amount of muscle. |
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Term
| do infants have a normal respiratory rate |
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Definition
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Term
| why are premature babies have labile TEMP |
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Definition
| due to a lack of BROWN FAT |
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Term
| a fever in infants is considered at a temp of |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the sizes of the anterior and posterior fontanels |
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Definition
Anterior: 4-6 cm
Posterior: 1-2 cm |
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Term
| is a runny nose by itself a sign of a URI |
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Definition
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Term
| what part of the infant airway larger in proportion than adults |
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Definition
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Term
| Name for excessively large tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the location of the cricoid in infacts compared to kids and aadults |
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Definition
Infants: cricoid at C4
Kids Cricoid c4-c5
>6 years Cricoid C6 |
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Term
| The larynx for a infant is located C?? compared to an adult who is c?? |
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Definition
Infants: c2-C3 or C3-C4
Adults C4-C6 |
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Term
| most narrow part of adult airway compared to child airway |
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Definition
Adult: Vocal cords
Child: Cricoid cartilage. (Hence why an ETT can be cuffless and butt up against this with minimal air leak.) |
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Term
| if a baby only has a ubilical cord with 1 artery and 1 vein that it is very likely they have what kind of abnormalities |
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Definition
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Term
| A baby with a scaphoid abdomen will like also have |
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Definition
| a diaphragmatic hernia. Bowels have to go somewhere! |
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Term
| Its is much more common to have a hernia in the left or right chest |
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Definition
| 5x more likely for left chest hernai than right. |
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Term
| what is esophageal atresia |
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Definition
| esophagus just ends as a pouch and never makes it to the stomach. |
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Term
| Esophageal atresia is EXTREMELY common if baby also has this |
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Definition
| trachea - esophagus fistula |
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Term
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Definition
| GI organs end up outside of abdomen but are intact and covered by a peritonial layer. |
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Term
| what is a impoerforated anus |
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Definition
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Term
| Any GI abnormality for a baby is often associated with what other major organ defect and why? |
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Definition
| Very common to coexist with heart defects since heart and GI develop around 3-7 weeks together. |
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Term
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Definition
| bowel spills out through hole on abdomen. Later in development. Not associated with heart defects. |
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Term
| Is gastroschisis or omphalocele have an intac t periteum protecting it |
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Definition
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Term
| if there is a delay between the femoral artery and brachial artery then baby may have? |
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Definition
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Term
| are murmurs common in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| ASD and VSD are cyanotic or acyanotic? |
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Definition
| Acyanotic and close on their own. |
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Term
| at what age is the child's total body water the same as an adult |
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Definition
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Term
| premature total body water is? while newborns % is? |
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Definition
Premature: 85%
Newborn: 75%
Infants and adults 60% |
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Term
| a newborn O2 consumption for infants compared to adults is |
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Definition
newborn: 5mL/kg/min
adult: 3 mL/kg/min |
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Term
| What is the difference in FRC for newborns compared to adults (whats the mL/kg?) |
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Definition
| Newborn: 22 mL/kg Adults: 34 mL/kg |
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Term
| what is structurally different in kids than adults that can explain why they desaturate so fast |
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Definition
| Kids have 1/2 number of alveoli and 1/20 the surface area for gas exchange. Kids keep making Alveoli until childhood. So less areas to exchange = more chance to desat when something goes wrong. |
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Term
| what age does child heart rate begin to equal adults |
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Definition
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Term
| a sickle cell kid has what kind of HB |
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Definition
| fetal Hb that constitutes 80's of their RBCs |
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Term
| sickle cell involves a disorder to what chain of the Hb |
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Definition
| Beta chain is replaced by gamma chains. |
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Term
| what are some indicators of difficult child airway |
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Definition
| Assymetric heads are good indicators of dificult airway. TMD an incisor distance don't correlate. |
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Term
| what are two major concners with a down syndorme baby |
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Definition
1. atlanto-occipital instability
2. smaller than normal tracheas
3. 40% have congenital heart defects
4. 45% have OSA |
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Term
| Signs of mandibular hypoplasia |
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Definition
1. retrognathic mandible (post to norm)
2. glosopitosis (downward disp of tongue)
3. Difficult airway! |
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Term
| maxillary - midfacial hypoplasia have what comomn airway issue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. meningitis
2. group A strep
3. Candida albicans |
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Term
| very evident sign of epiglotitis is |
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Definition
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Term
| a reactive airway may persis up to how long after a URI in children |
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Definition
| 6 weeks. children very sensitive |
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