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Test 3
Chaper 11
97
Medical
Undergraduate 2
04/06/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
ana-
Definition
up, toward
Term
iso-
Definition
equal
Term
pro-
Definition
forward
Term
aden
Definition
gland
Term
aut
Definition
auto, self
Term
blast
Definition
germ or bud
Term
erythr
Definition
red
Term
hem, hemat
Definition
blood
Term
immun
Definition
exempt or immunity
Term
lymph
Definition
clear water or fluid
Term
poikil
Definition
irregular
Term
staphyl
Definition
grape-like clusters
Term
strept
Definition
twisted or gnarled
Term
therm
Definition
heat
Term
thromb
Definition
clot
Term
thym
Definition
wart-like, thymus gland
Term
-crit
Definition
to separate
Term
-cyte
Definition
cell
Term
-lysis
Definition
to dissolve
Term
-penia
Definition
abnormal reduction in number
Term
-pexy
Definition
surgical fixation
Term
-phil
Definition
loving, affinity for, philosophy
Term
-phylaxis
Definition
protection
Term
-poiesis
Definition
formation
Term
erythrocyte
Definition
blood cell specialized in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide, red blood cells
Term
hematopoiesis
Definition
the process of blood cell formation within red bone marrow
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
an abundant protein in red blood cells that has a high bonding affinity for oxygen and carbon dioxide
Term
leukocytes
Definition
blood cells protecting body from infection, white blood cells
Term
lymphatic nodules
Definition
clusters of lymphatic tissue composed of white blood cells that are embedded within the walls of the large intestine
Term
lymphatic trunk
Definition
vessels that carry lymph to subclavian veins near the heart
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
type of white blood cell tha tplayd primary role in conferring immunity and forms the bulk of lymphatic tissue, includes B and T cells
Term
thymus gland
Definition
soft organ located in the chest superior to the heart in which some white blood cells, T lymphocytes, become mature before entering circulation
Term
antibody
Definition
proteins released by activated B cells which selectively bind to antigens during an immune response
Term
antigen
Definition
any foreign substance usually a protein against which an immune response is directed; antibody generating
Term
basophil
Definition
white cell that responds to antigens by releasing substances including histamine and serotonin
Term
B cell
Definition
one of 2 types of lymphocytes, responds to infection by secreting antibodies which require activation by helper T cell.
Term
blood clot
Definition
combination of protein fibers and trapped blood cells that slows or stops blood loss
Term
Coagulation
Definition
process of blood clot formation
Term
fibrinogen
Definition
dissolved protein in blood that is the precursor for fibren, which is the main protein component in a blood clot
Term
neutrophil
Definition
white blood cells that fight infection by phagocytosis of unwanted foreign particles
Term
plasma
Definition
liquid portion of the blood
Term
platelets
Definition
cell fragments in the blood that facilitate the formation of blood clots, also called thrombocytest
Term
serum
Definition
plasma minus fibrinogen
Term
spleen
Definition
a soft organ located lateral and slightly posterior to the stomach and the abdominal cavity. serves as storage site for blood cells
Term
T cell
Definition
lymphocyte that mounts an immune response, includes activation of other white blood cells, direct destruction of foreign cells, adn establishment of memory of the infection to create immunity. activity is called an innate immunity response as opposed to an acquired response (B cell)
Term
thoracic duct
Definition
the main lymphatic trunk located alongside the aorta as it extends from the disphragm behind the heart. unites the left subclavian vein where it channels about 3/4 of the bodys lymph into the blood stream
Term
tonsils
Definition
small oval organs in the throat that are filled with white blood cells that fight infection. they include one pharyngeal tonsil "adenoids" and two palantine tonsils near the union of the oral cavity and throat "lingual"
Term
anisocytosis
Definition
presence of red blood cells of unequal size
Term
bacturemia
Definition
presence of bacteria in the blood stream
Term
erythropenia
Definition
abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
Term
hemolysis
Definition
rupture of red blood cell membrane
Term
hemorrhage
Definition
loss of blood from circulation
Term
macrocytosis
Definition
abnormally large sized red blood cells
Term
poikilocytosis
Definition
large irregular shaped red blood cells
Term
polycythemia
Definition
abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood
Term
splenomegaly
Definition
abnormal enlargement of the spleen
Term
toxemia
Definition
presence of toxins in the blood stream
Term
AIDS
Definition
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Term
allergy
Definition
a response to an allergen which is an antigen that produces a hypersensitivity rxn
Term
anaphylaxis
Definition
an immediate reaction to an antigen that includes immediate inflammation and system wide smooth muscle contractions
Term
anemia
Definition
reduced ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to tissue, resulting from reduction in hemoglobin, or #/volume of RBCs
Term
aplasticanemia
Definition
anemia characterized by the failure of red bone marrow to produce RBCs
Term
diphtheria
Definition
a disease caused by a bacteria and its toxin resulting in an inflammation of the mucous membranes primarily in the nose and throat
Term
dyscrasia
Definition
abnormal condition of the blood.
Term
erythroblastosis fetalis
Definition
blood disorder resulting from incompatibility between a fetus and mother (-/+) causing a destruction of red blood cells
Term
fungemia
Definition
fungal infection distributed by way of blood stream
Term
gas gangrene
Definition
infection of a wound caused by various anaerobic bacteria forming a fermentation gas.
Term
hemocromatosis
Definition
inherited disorder that results in the accumulation of iron deposits
Term
hemophilia
Definition
inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective clotting proteins
Term
Hodgkin's
Definition
cancer of lymphatic tissue
Term
immunodeficiency
Definition
condition resulting from an immune deficiency response
Term
immunosupression
Definition
reduction of an immune response caused by disease
Term
inflammation
Definition
swelling of body tissue caused by movement of plasma into EC space causing edema or fluid accumulation of tissue
Term
influenza
Definition
viral disease characterized by temporary inflammation of mucous membranes and fever
Term
iron deficiency anemia
Definition
caused by a lack of iron resulting in smaller red blood cells with deficient levels or hemoglobin
Term
lymphadenitis
Definition
inflammation of lymph nodes
Term
malaria
Definition
diseased caused by parasitic protozoan that affects red blood cells
Term
myelodysplasia
Definition
bone marrow disorder caused by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells which usually develops into leukemia
Term
nosocomial infections
Definition
disorder contraction during a hospital stay. MRSA
Term
pernicious anemia
Definition
anemia caused by an inadequate supply of folic acid.
Term
rabies
Definition
bacterium produces a neurotoxin that acts on the CNS and is highly fatal.
Term
septicemia
Definition
systemic disease caused by presence of bacteria and their toxins
Term
tetanus
Definition
disease caused by a powerful neurotoxin released by the bacterium clostridium tetani, toxin acts upon the CNS to cause convulsions and paralysis
Term
antiretroviral therapy
Definition
application of drugs to battle a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly, retroviruses
Term
attenuation
Definition
transfusion of blood donated by a person for personal use
Term
differential count
Definition
microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cell using a stained blood smear
Term
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Definition
time test to measure the rate at which red blood cells fall through a volume of plasma to provide information on their hemoglobin content
Term
hematocrit
Definition
test that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
Term
hemostasis
Definition
stoppage of bleeding
Term
lymphadenectomy
Definition
excision of a lymph node
Term
lymphangiography
Definition
photography of lymphatic vessels with contrast medium
Term
pheresis
Definition
removal of a donor's blood, one portion retained for use and another returned to the donor including plasmapheresis, leukopheresis and plateletpheresis
Term
prophylaxis
Definition
any treatment that tends to prevent the onset of infection
Term
splenopexy
Definition
surgical fixation of the spleen
Term
thrombolysis
Definition
process of dissolving a blood clot
Term
thmymectomy
Definition
excision of thymus gland
Term
vaccination
Definition
inoculation of a culture that has reduced virulence as a means of providing a cure or prophylaxis (protection)
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