Base-level computer information that may consist of numerical or word elements, facts, values, or combinations of stored information that can be either be qualitative or quantitative, and rom which knowledge is derived and decision making may be made better and more logical.

• Security, integrity, organization, performance
• Storage

• Users’ data intelligence, clinical decision-making, operational introspection, care quality, change management

1. Velocity
1. Momentum & acceleration (BYD, Mobile, Tablets)
2. Volume
1. Worldwide healthcare:  70 Exabytes (3.3 T MP3s)
3. Variety
1. Personal devices, mobile

• Reporting
• Online analytical processing
• Business Performance management
• Benchmarking
• Text mining
• Predictive mining
• Predictive analytics
• Prescriptive analytics

• Statistics
• Scorecards
• Quality Metrics and Reporting
• Multipurpose Presentation Dashboards

• Outcomes-based Compensation
• Longitudinal Care Management
• Key Performance Indicators
• Alerts
• Supply-Chain Analysis
• Experienced-Based Rating Engines
• Oopulation Management

A CEO wants a multi-purposed dashboard.   Includes P&L, A/R, claims denials, patient throughputs, booked appointments and additional KPIs. She hovers her mouse over bar chart for BCBS, and double clicks to expose claims denials. She opens details, tags and attaches file sending to CFO with questions and requests specific response.

A hospital’s director of  materials management sits with a pharma rep. They are discussing rep’s proposal for disposable surgical items and associated pharmaceuticals. From laptop, director selects various relevant SKUs and related data. This includes item counts, historical costs, shelf-life experiences, surgeon preferences, and current prospective surgical scheduling volumes. This allows the director to compare the pharma’s proposal and is able to execute a focused order.

A clinic administrator negotiates a risk contract with an insurance company’s underwriter for for a large employer’s insured population. The administrator searches his data for the same population’s care experience. He includes diagnostic and procedure codes stratifying by age, weight, ethnicity, home zip codes, comorbidities, charge and payments, and prescriptions.  He compares these data for three other large employer and payer populations comparing existing risk bearing contracts by visual graphics and tabular presentations. With these blinded data he compares and negotiates what he believes will be practical financial terms.

The ability to follow patient care longitudinally with data will become invaluable. Significant data may be available for a patient with a cardiovascular disease receiving a stent.  The stent manufacturing date, cost, and SKU can be tracked. The attending physician, anesthesiologist, operating room, time, date, follow-up observations, patient-reported experiences, related diagnoses and therapies may all be tagged to the procedure. A hypothetical recall of the specific SKU item by the manufacturer may be made at any prospective date. Or there may be analysis for the comparative efficacy for this procedure filtered by any of the aforementioned data points.

Macro industry mandates

•  Healthcare Market  (“everyone doing the same thing differently”)
•  Political focus and macro economic affects
•  Practitioner and management training and opinions
• Patient uniqueness and baby-boomer numbers
•  3 million healthcare providers
• 1,000 + vendors, 6,000 hospitals, 200 payers, 16,000 nursing homes, 141 U.S. medical schools
• Technology
  • Explosion of mobile uses, security, interoperability
  • Interfacing, data normalization, formats, programming languages
  Unaligned stakeholders, economic incentives
  Alternative healthcare models

Maintainability

• Accessibility
•  Timely, reliable, accurate
•  Usability
•  Available in format for all consumers based upon their described needs
•  Actionable (“-ables”)
• Schedulable, sendable, drill-downable, modifiable, meaningful
• Cascading Questions
• Answers will lead to subsequent question(s) or “what if’s”… ad infinitum
• Roles-based
• All job descriptions, all functional roles, both limited and complex
• Presentation Level
• All forms of visual, tabular, simple and complex
• Retrospective

Problem: inconsistent care, lost inventory, missed revenues, protocol non-compliance. A small OB/GYN practice was not in compliance with accepted protocol for administration of Gardasil treatments (papillomavirus prevention). Further, management would arbitrarily purchase and store limited shelf-life inventories. 

Solution: advanced BI/CI use included search of providers, patients, scheduling, medical history, population management, supply chain purchasing and protocol measurement. Patients scheduled per protocol, providers measured and compensated on patient compliance, Gardasil was order ‘just in time’ for treatments, practice revenues and margins were increased and care improved.    

Problem: untimely (up to seven days from end-of-month), disorganized, indefensiblecompensation summaries deliverable in chosen modality with various comparative and individualized data.

Solution: within one day of month close, individual and customized formatted tabular and graphical data mailed, delivered, faxed, or emailed to over 800 providers “untouched” by staff. Data included performance metrics for scheduling volumes; productivity for procedures by diagnosis and patient satisfaction reporting compared to various benchmarks; peer and departmental performance data.

• Coding of ETL, use of CDR tools, creation of complex BI/CI requirements

Project Managers

Eliminates “silos” thinking

New knowledge created through secondary uses of data

Policy analysis, program evaluation, white papers, reports, recommendations

 •Public health functions such as surveillance, reporting, analysis, and intervention need data

 –Data originating from source HIS systems

 •Uses for public health influence HIS, as population health management emphasized

 •Public health uses data from wide variety of sources

Surveillance, data aggregation, population health status measures

Data availability and access challenging

• Health Services Research
• Clinical Outcomes Research
• Clinical Trials, Technology Innovation
• Policy Analysis
• Public Health Research

What happens to patients as a result of care

Relationships to clinical practice, management, policy

Social, political, behavioral, biological influencers of health

Conducted in or using data from real-life world of healthcare provider organizations and other settings including the person or home

Syndromic Surveillance

• •Two domains converging through mutual interest in managing health of a population
• Healthcare organization population includes those patients connected with the institution
• Public health population includes overall citizenry and its demographic and geographic subgroups

Goal of CER to synthesize results to clinicians and healthcare organizations so findings may be put to use

Requires normalizing all data so they are comparable before actual analysis

remote, technology-enabled delivery of clinical services

Technical challenges integrating various technologies

Patient on-line support and education groups

Ambulatory care outcomes improvement

Emerging HIS Technologies and the Human-Machine Relationship

Humans and machines working together (e.g., mobile surgical robot used by surgeon in performing procedure)

Future Directions in Informatics, Data, and Analytics

Informatics

Creating new care delivery innovations, e.g., hybrid exam room where patient stays during entire visit and all providers and specialists come to the patient in that room

Future Directions in Informatics, Data, and Analytics

Data analytics skills will be requisite skill for healthcare professionals, both clinical and business

Essential elements as populations age and

Unintended consequences of HIS

How do payers vs. providers use these data?

Q#1. Using Mobile devices for healthcare purposes is more succinctly called “mHealth.”

Answer: “True” eHIST page 191

Q#1. Metadata is as operational for transactional software application which may be used as a "point" solution or may serve as a multipurpose, vision-critical solution such as the hospitals admit, and transfer system; revenue cycle management; or EHR.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 204

Q#2. System architects are personnel who are generally highly technical and create the environment for acquiring, storing, and accessing the data necessary for BI/CI.

Answer: “True”  eHIST page 208

Q#3. “___________” personnel who format and structure data in a desired or logically deliverable design for all roles new organization.

a.  Data analyst

b. Content creators

c. Programmers

d. Project managers

Answer: (b.) eHIST page 208

Q#1. sources of public health data come from five areas and are known as the “Five S’s of Sources of Public Health Data.”.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 226

Q#2. comparative effectiveness research (CER) is an area of study it can be applied to all three domains discussed in this chapter: research, policy, public health. CER includes Studies of collections of evidence about benefits and risks of various approaches to healthcare and studies that produce new evidence about the effectiveness of treatments, processes, tests, or services.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 230

Q#3. The Six S’s of public health data include all of the following except which one?

a. self-reporting  

b. surveys and sampling

c. student study

d. single case or small series

Answer: (c) eHIST page 226

Q#1. The inflection point moment in the adoption and use of these technologies in healthcare, medicine, public health, and health are also referred to as a “hockey stick” moment.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 239

Q#2. The great inflection of medicine is projected to spike in the year 2020.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 240

Q#3. introduced in 2007 by blogger Gary Wolf, the “__________” concept enables individual death to be gathered using mobile devices, smartphone apps, biosensors, and other means, leading to personalized information and customize care.

a.  quantified self

b. qualified self

c. quantified device

d. qualified device

Answer: (a) eHIST page 244

1.     1. As a result of several converging trends, data’s preeminence is finally an imperative for the entire healthcare industry. Much of this movement has compelled healthcare organizations to adopt a “got to do” something attitude versus the older ambivalence of “want to do” something.

Answer: “True” eHist page 187

2.    2.  The following groups all generate and process data in different intervals, including real time, daily, and monthly:

A.     Providers

B.     Outpatient care facilities

C.     Home Health

D.    Research centers

E.     All of the above

Answer: E eHist page 189

3.     3. End users are responsible for the physical storage and safety of data, while IT is responsible for the quality of data.

Answer: “False” eHist page 192

1.     CI is a term that has only recently been coined, in conjunction with the increased adoption and use of the EHR, electronic medical record (EMR), and personal health record (PHR), all of which overlap to some extent in terms of their functionality and usage.

Answer: “True” eHist page 200

2.     Which is an example of a major reason why healthcare analytics can be challenging environment?

A.     Little financial incentive exists for coordination of medical care among competitors.

B.     Limited communications or formatting standards exists

C.     Public health and population management’s access to nongovernmental health delivery is limitless

D.    Limited amount of healthcare providers in the United States.

Answer: A eHist page 203

3.     Talented project managers are the key to organizing the detailed tasks into projects, preserving to pull together the many threads inherent in BI/CI solutions, and helping users adopt their use.

Answer: “True” eHist page 208

1.     Silo systems exponentially reduce the ultimate “return on investment” of the cost and effort to build and implement HIS.

Answer: “True” eHist page 216

2.     All of the following are examples of research except:

A.     Health Services Research

B.     Programmatic Reporting

C.     Clinical Outcomes Research

D.    Policy Analysis

Answer: B eHist page 222

3.     Collaboration between private health agencies and public health agencies can facilitate reporting of early warnings of events or disease outbreaks, such as influenza, through flags set up in PHI systems.

Answer: “False” eHist page 226

1.     MHealth comprises the technologies supporting an essential shift in methods, attitudes, and actions regarding health and wellness in our society today, often referred to as Health 3.0.

Answer: “False” eHist page 242

2.     Barriers to adoption of telemedicine and telehealth solutions include:

A.     Complexity of human and cultural factors

B.     Shortage of studies evaluating costs and benefits

C.     Legal issues around the crossing of transregional boundaries

D.    Technical challenges

E.     All of the above

Answer: E eHist page 247

3.     Most EHRs are not anywhere near a complete replacement for all paper processes in terms of the functionality they provide.

Answer: “True” eHist page 253

Q#1 True or False: The study of healthcare has two dimensions. The first dimension is the need to imaginatively understand data and its properties for analysis as the foundation for organizational growth.

Answer: False eHIST pg 185

Q#2 Which of the following are part of the three V’s that are endemic throughout the world and not exclusive to healthcare?

A. Velocity

B. Vision

C. Variety

D. Both A and C

E. ALL of the Above

Answer: D eHIST pg 190

Q#3 True or False: The three areas, Imaging, EHR/EMR systems, and Mobile communications and devices are in conjunctions with the Three V’s as areas that present some critical challenges related to data management.

Answer: True eHIST pg 191

Q#1 The term business intelligence (BI) is applied widely throughout various industries and handles small amounts of data and information to help identify and develop new opportunities.

Answer: False eHIST pg 199

Q#2 In reference to the history of BI and CI, reports were typically structured or “canned”.

Answer: True eHIST pg 202

Q#3 Which functional attribute of BI/CI Solutions is based on the adage, “You don’t know what you don’t know.”

A. Retrospective nature of BI and BI

B. Usability

C. Asking from the answers

D. Actionable

Answer: C eHIST pg 207

Q#1 True or False: HIS create and capture data as a by-product of transactions associated with the daily activities of health care.

Answer: True eHIST pg 217

Q#2 From the Six S’s of Sources of public Health Data, which one uses the health alert networks (HANs) as a way to secure Internet connections to broadcast health information?

A. Sentinel Monitoring

B. Surveys and Sampling

C. Syndromic Surveillance

D. Both A and B

E. None of the Above

Answer: C eHIST pg 226

Q#3 True or False: Governmental policies influences HIS in a low mannered fashion.

Answer: False eHIST pg 219

Q#1 Which is the inflection point moment in the adoption and use of the technologies in health care, medicine, public health, and health?

A. Golf ball

B. Baseball Bat

C. Tennis Racket

D. Hockey Stick

Q#2 Clearly of high value and transformative in effect, teleHealth can vastly improve isolated individuals’ and populations’ ability to access health beneficial care, education, information, and professionals.

Answer: False eHIST pg 250

Q#3 Inflection point, tipping point, and innovation are all the terms that are commonly used today to indicate the excitement and hope that we are finally there in our ability to use new technologies in the modern healthcare and public arenas.

Answer: True eHIST pg 240

Q#1 The healthcare billing and revenue-cycle management includes:

a.International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-9 and ICD-10)

b.Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes

c.Diagnostic-related groups (DRGs)

d.All of the above

Answer: (d) eHIST page 190

Q#2 Mhealth is the use of mobile technologies for purposes of health care, public health, and health related activities at the individual level and include smartphones and tablets.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 266

Q#3 In many business contexts, the phrase “Follow the money” is relevant.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 187

Q#1 Central data repositories (CDRs) are locations that serve to store large amounts of information, provide a replication of data from the source systems, organize the data for extraction for analytics, and may provide an environment for disaster recovery.

Answer: “True” EHIST page 260

Q#2 Healthcare organizations must not use their data to help solve and improve all facets of the industry.

Answer “False” eHIST page 204

Q#3 The following businesses have outpaced the adoption of business intelligence, modeling, analytics and forecasting at a faster pace than healthcare:

a.Retail

b.Manufacturing 

c.Banking 

d.All of the above

Answer: (d) eHIST page 203

Q#1 HIS and research, policy and public health must be dependent of each other.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 217

Q#2 CHIP or Children’s Health Insurance Program is for children from high income families who cannot qualify for Medicaid.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 219

Q#3 Categories of data requirements for research include:

a.Health Services Research

b.Clinical, financial, supplies, patient supplied, claims

c.Programmatic data and reports, clinical financial, outcomes data

d.End results of medical care

Answer: (c) EHIST page 222

Q#1 The inflection point is the used in history, technology, and business to describe a significant point or moment of change.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 264

Q#2 In the United States, a significant shift in the demographics served by healthcare is due to the aging of the population, coupled with chronic illness and the need to manage related risk factors outside of institutional settings.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 243

Q#3 Which of the following elements encourage the evolution of health care and public health into mHealth methods and capabilities?

a.Changing demographics

b.Increasing availability of EHR systems

c.Quantified self

d.All of the above

Answer: (d) eHIST pages 243, 244

Q#1 _____________ measure anomalies relative to standard performances, dashboard presentations based on the user’s skills and role, and appropriate data available for the ambiguity of ad-hoc analytics.

1. Practice Management System (PMS)

2. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

3. Revenue Cycle Management (RCM)

Answer: (b) Page 192

Q#2 Variety suggests that data are associated with, and will discontinue to take on, seemingly limitless descriptions. True or False

Answer: False 191 will continue

Q#3 There are approximately 14,000 ICD-9 and 68,000 ICD-10 unique codes, each three to seven characters in length, along with potential modifiers that must be used by providers to attain contractual reimbursement for their services. True or False

Answer:  True page 190 Exhibit 9.2

Q#1 The generic definition of business intelligence (BI) is a set of theories, methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes.  True or False

Answer:  True page 199

Q#2 Health care is a nearly $5 trillion industry, fast on its way to accounting for almost 20% of the U.S. gross domestic product, and with lots of moving parts. True or False

Answer:  False $3 trillion page 203

Q#3 A dashboard is an example:

1. Clinical /CI

2. Integrated BI/CI

3. Business/BI

Answer: (c) Business/ BI page 200

Q#1 ____________for children from low-income families who do not qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford private insurance.

1. Medicare

2. Tricare

3. Medicaid

4. Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

Answer: (d) Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) page 219

Q#2 Policy analysis produces reports and recommendations for policy makers at local and national governmental levels

Answer: False page 225 local, state, and national governmental levels.

Q#3 Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is an area of study that can be applied to research, policy, and public health.

Answer:  True page 230

Q#1 “Qualified self” concept enables individual data to be gathered using mobile devices, smart phone apps, biosensors, and other means, leading to personalized information and customized care.

Answer:  False “Quantified self” page 244

Q#2      Each Hype Cycle drills down into the five key phases of a technology’s life cycle and they include:  Technology Trigger, Peak of Inflated Expectations, Trough of Disillusionment, Slope of Enlightenment, and Plateau of Productivity.

Answer:  True page 249

Q#3 Which of the following is used for mobile technologies for purposes of health care, public health, and health-related activities at the individual level?

1. eHealth

2. mHealth

3. telemedicine

4. telehealth

Answer:  (b) mHealth page 243

Q #1. True or false? Historically, most of the focus on healthcare data was on information in revenue-cycle (billing and claims) systems along with bits and pieces of fragmented clinical data.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 187

Q #2. What are considered the “Three V’s” of data?

*A. Velocity, volume, variety

B. Volume, vicinity, velocity

C. Variety, vicinity, velocity

D. Velocity, vector, volume

Answer: “A” eHIST page 186

Q #3. True or false? Enterprise systems produce prolific volumes of data and may communicate these data to third parties such as insurance companies, governmental agencies, and others, as well as retain the information for internal use.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 187

Q #1. A single dashboard screen presentation includes which of the following?

A. All of the organization’s profit and loss data

B. Accounts receivable status

C. Insurance payment denials

D. Patient throughput volumes, prospectively booked appointments

*E. All of the above

Answer: “E” eHIST page 200

Q #2. True or false? Executive information systems (EISs) and decision support systems (DSSs) were designed to help management teams at healthcare organizations make decisions by providing relevant information from data acquired from transaction systems.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 203

Q #3. True or false? More than 10 million healthcare providers of various types provide services in the United States and health care is a nearly $1.1 trillion industry.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 203

Q #1. True or false? Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is for children from wealthy income families who do not qualify for Medicaid or private insurance?

Answer: “False” eHIST page 219

Q #2. Health services research includes which of the following:

A. Issues related to processes and outcomes associated with delivery of care

B. Assessments of the impact of or changes in specific policies and interventions on healthcare delivery

C. Evaluation of disease prevention, chronic disease management, and community-based efforts to integrate services or promote health

D. Study of health care, including social, political, behavioral, and biological factors, as influencers or determinants of health outcomes.

*E. All of the above

Answer: “E” eHIST page 223

Q #3. True or false? Policy analysis produces reports and recommendations for policy makers at national governmental levels only, disregarding local and state levels.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 225

Q #1. eHealth encompasses a broad scope of electronic capabilities used for health and medicine including which of the following?

*A. mHealth

B. cHealth

C. IHealth

D. uHealth

Answer: “A” eHIST page 242

Q #2. True or false? Telemedicine and telehealth have many applications and uses a variety of technologies including smartphones, Internet, secure email, video transmission, and other telecommunications capabilities.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 247

Q #3. True or false? Barriers of telemedicine and telehealth solutions include complexity of human and cultural factors, cost of sustaining telemedicine and telehealth initiatives, shortage of studies evaluating costs and benefits, legal issues, and technical challenges.

Answer: “True” eHIST page 247

The study of healthcare data has five dimensions.

Answer: FALSE eHIST page 185

Some of the most significant and voluminous sources of healthcare data include all of the following except:

                a. Clinical

                b. Government

                c. Principle

                d. External

Answer: (c) eHIST page 189

Clinical intelligence is a term that was coined in 1967.

Answer: FALSE eHIST page 200

Health care is a nearly $3 trillion industry, accounting for 45% of the U.S. gross domestic product.

Answer: FALSE eHIST page 203

When did computers enter the martketplace?

                a. 1920s-1930s

                b. 1940s-1950s

                c. 1960s-1970s

                d. 1990s-2000s

Answer: (c) eHIST page 202

Collaboration among multiple parties is more feasible than ever before due to the work of HITECH.

Answer: TRUE eHIST page 216

The third area of the research, policy, and public health sphere of the HIS model is implementation.

Answer: FALSE eHIST page 219

The Six S’s of Sources of Public Health Data include all of the following except:

                a. Single Case

                b. Self-Diagnosing

                c. Sentinel Monitoring

                d. Statistics

Answer: (b) eHIST page 226

The inflection point is known as the “baseball bat” moment in the adoption and use of these technologies in health care, medicine, public health, and health.

Answer: FALSE eHIST page 239

eHealth comprises the technologies supporting the non-essential shift in methods, attitudes, and actions regarding health and wellness in our society today, often referred to as Health 4.0.

Answer: FALSE eHIST page 242

In which all of the following countries, does a UNICEF-sponsored program called mTrac help health workers use texts as a method to track supplies and disease outbreaks?

                a. Mexico

                b. Uganda

                c. Cuba

                d. Nigeria

Answer: (b) eHIST page 244

2.     One of the ways to provide closed loop feedback to clinicians is the daily use of key performance indicators (KPIs) that measure anomalies relative to standard performances.

Answer:  True; eHIST p. 192

3.     Data security in the healthcare industry is more straightforward than security in other industries such as banking.  Laws governing the protection and privacy of patients’ clinical information help simplify the requirements of data security in healthcare.

Answer:  False; eHIST p. 194

1.     With the emergence of electronic clinical data use, as well as industry and political pressures to obtain and utilize clinical measurements, clinical intelligence (CI) is the technological foundation for business intelligence (BI).

Answer:  False; eHIST p. 199

2.     The following is a prototypic example of healthcare business and clinical intelligence:  longitudinal patient medical history combined with financial history (such as charges, payments, or disposable medical equipment consumption) for the same patient would provide invaluable insights for outcomes measurement and monitoring, and process effectiveness.

Answer:  True; eHIST p. 201

3.     Which of the following is a requirement of business intelligence (BI)/clinical intelligence (CI) solutions?

a.     Transparency and open access to the public

b.     Ability to scale up and extend to new areas

c.      High level of subjectivity and variability

d.     Slow deliberate release of information

Answer:  b; eHIST pp. 205-6

1.     What is meant by “data fuels research” in HIS?

a.     Validated data pertaining to clinical processes and patient outcomes are constantly sought after and thought about by researchers, and therefore drive research

b.     Data should be used to refute (extinguish) published research

c.      Health informatics and the availability of large data stores have spawned a resurgence of research opportunities in the basic sciences, clinical sciences, and population-based health

d.     a. and c.

Answer: d; eHIST p. 218

2.     The sources of public health data with the potential for HIS support include:  case reports, statistics, patient reported outcomes (PROs), and syndromic surveillance.

Answer:  True; eHIST p. 226

3.     Public health’s goal to monitor and improve the health status of an entire population is cost prohibitive.  Ie it is more costly to keep a population healthy than to treat a population episodically only when it gets sick.

Answer:  False; eHIST p. 227

1.     As described in Eric Topol’s The Creative Destruction of Medicine, disruptive ubiquitous technology, such as smartphones, personal computers, the Internet, and social media, have led to a more equitable access to healthcare information for patients.  This new paradigm in the patient-doctor relationship allows consumers (patients) to actively connect with their doctors and participate in the management of their own health and medical care.

Answer: True; eHIST pp. 239-40

2.     The WHO describes four key elements of telemedicine:  the intent to provide clinical support, ________________, connect users in different physical locations using a variety of communications technologies, and improve health outcomes.

a.     A universal medical license across state lines

b.     Plan to bill for telemedicine services

c.      Robots to act as a proxy for the health provider

d.     Overcome geographical barriers

Answer:  d; eHIST p. 247

3.     The intent of HIPAA is to create data siloes.  Ie the best way to secure patient data is to prevent its sharing across institutions for any reason.

Answer:  False; eHIST p. 251

1. (t/f) Healthcare is notorious for exceedingly slow adoption of new health information technology methods.

2. (t/f) “True” integration using interfacing software is almost impossible.

3. (mc) Part of the ________ includes financial incentives paid to hospitals or physicians or their practices for the various stages of implementation for an EHR.

            a.) ARRA        b.) ACA          c.) HIPPA

1. (t/f) Business Intelligence is an emerging adjunct to clinical intelligence, focused on the healthcare industry.

2. (t/f) Healthcare accounts for almost 40% of the U.S. GDP.

3. (mc) ________ allow(s) often used data sets to be graphically presented in one or a few locations on a regular basis.

            a.) central processing unit      b.) dashboards             c.) metadata

1. (t/f) Clinical outcomes research studies the end results of medical care.

2. (t/f) Providers are financially encouraged to engage in acute care.

3. (mc) Public health is  a __________ use of health data.

            a.) primary      b.) secondary

1. (t/f) mHealth comprises the technology supporting an essential shift in methods, attitudes, and actions regarding health and wellness in our society.

2. (t/f) The government’s role in health care in the U.S. is tracking along with progress in the areas of EHR systems and their adaption, incentives for HIS and technology advancements, and goals of the ACA.

3. (mc) _______ causes more deaths each year than prostate cancer, breast cancer, and HIV/AIDS combined.

            a.) pneumonia             b.) renal failure           c.) sepsis

1. Research systems, clinical trial systems, and satisfaction surveying systems are categorized as transactional sources of healthcare data.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 189

2. In 1996, HITECH was passed by Congress to distinguish PHI as a special category for data warranting extra safeguards.

                Answer: “False” eHIST page 194

3. One digital image approximates ______ megabytes.

a. 100

b. 200

c. 300

d. 400

                Answer: (b) eHIST page 190

1. Health cares’ unsynchronized and unaligned methods of providing care have become untenable and unaffordable as organizations attempt to effectively manage their businesses.

                Answer: “True” eHIST page 208

2. In the healthcare industry, the adoption of business intelligence, analytics, modeling, and forecasting has outpaced that in the retail, manufacturing, and banking industries.

                Answer: “False” eHIST page 203

3. The _____________ stores larger amounts of information, provides a replication of data from the source systems, organizes the data extraction for analytics, and may provide an environment for disaster recovery (DR).

a. Source data

b. Data house

c. Central data repository or CDR

d. Data bank

                Answer: (c) eHIST page 204

1. Policy influences business and clinical activities carried on in healthcare organizations, establishes regulations to protect the public, and preserves and protects the public’s health.

                Answer: “True” eHIST page 218

2. EHR systems consistently have data elements recorded or entered by end users into every available field.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 231

1. eHealth comprises the technologies supporting and essential shift in methods, attitudes, and actions regarding health and wellness in our society today, often referred to as Health 2.0.

                Answer: “True” eHIST page 242

2. Most EHR’s can replace all paper processes in terms of the functionality they provide.

                Answer: “False” eHIST page 253

3. __________ __________ create barriers to the integration of the various types of systems, devices, and networks needed to conduct telemedicine and telehealth.

a. Technical challenges

b. Legal issues

c. Physician shortages

d. Increasing costs

                Answer: (a) eHIST page 247

1.) All healthcare institutions small or large have a growing obligation and need to develop, adopt, and manage their data strategy.

Answer –True eHist pg. 192

2.) Velocity suggests similar exponential growth of accessible and seemingly necessary data.

Answer- False eHist pg. 190

3.) All of these areas except ____ present some critical challenges related to data management.

                A.) Imaging

                B.) Volume

                C.) EHR/EMR Systems

                D.) Mobile communications and devices

Answer –B eHist pg. 191

1.) CI, when properly implemented, not only will support more focused clinical analysis than BI, but also should be designed and managed to integrate “business data” for broader analysis, including for instance, cost accounting data within a clinical analysis.

Answer –True eHist pg. 201

2.) Metadata is a generic term used across industries that refers to the process for creating data repositories for analytical purposes.

Answer –False eHist pg. 204

3.) Functional Attributes of BI/CI Solutions include all of the following except:

                A.) Accessibility

                B.) Usability

                C.) Integrity

                D.) Dashboards

Answer- C eHist pg. 206-207

1.) HIS create and capture data as a by-product of transactions associated with the daily activities of health care.

Answer –True eHist pg. 217

2.) Clinical Outcomes research studies the end results of medical care and the effect of healthcare processes on the health and well-being of patients and populations.

Answer- True eHist pg. 223

3.) HIS can provide support for all of these public health data except:

                A.) Statistics

                B.) Self-Reporting

                C.) Surveys and Sampling

                D.) Medical Offices

Answer- D eHist pg. 226

1.) mHealth comprises the technologies supporting an essential shift in methods, attitudes, and actions regarding health and wellness in our society today.

Answer- False eHist pg. 242

2.) All of these except _________ are one of the main trends in the innovative use of emerging technologies.

                A.) Human work being augmented by technology

                B.) Humans and machines working together

                C.) Machines replacing the work of humans

                D.) Humans and machines working against each other

Answer –D eHist pg. 248

3.) Progress in eHealth is advancing steadily, sometimes through a maze of regulations needed to protect patient privacy.

Answer –True eHist pg. 242

Q#1        An example of how complex medical coding can be is that there are over 68,000 unique ICD-9 codes along with potential modifiers that must be used by providers to obtain contractual reimbursement.

Answer: “False” eHIST page 190

Q#2        mHealth refers to the use of mobile technologies for purposes of health care, public health and health related activities on the individual level.

                Answer: “True” eHIST page 191

Q#3        Some of the most significant and voluminous sources of healthcare data include which of the following:

a.       Clinical

b.      Payers

c.       Government

d.      All of the above

                Answer: (d) eHIST page 189

Q#1        Which of the following is not a requirement of BI/CI solutions?

a.       Secure

b.      Integrity

c.       Usability

d.      Performance

e.      Extensible/scalable

Answer: (c) eHIST page 206

Q#2        When content in a BI/CI solution is actionable it can help improve processes.

                Answer: “True” eHIST page 206

Q#3        Central Data Repository is data about data that refers to where the source data was created, when, by whom and for what purpose.

                Answer: “False” eHIST page 204

Q#2        Examples of government-sponsored insurance programs include Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP.

                Answer: “True” eHIST page 219

Q#3        The goal of outcomes research is to provide the best possible synthesis of research results to clinicians and others in healthcare organizations so that these findings may be put to use.

                Answer: “False” eHIST page 230

Q#1        Which of the following are barriers to the adoption of telemedicine and telehealth solutions:

a.       A shortage of studies evaluating costs and benefits

b.      Legal issues

c.       Complexity of human and cultural factors

d.      Lack of sustaining funding

e.      All of the above

Answer: (e) eHIST page 247

Q#2        The health model focuses on preventing disease whereas the medical model focuses on curing illness once it occurs.

                Answer: “True” eHIST page 250

Q#3        “Open notes” allow patients to see their physicians’ notes in their HER and to support patients in their ability to enter information into their HER.

                Answer: “True” eHIST page 241

Q#1. The importance of the velocity, volume, and variety of data is endemic throughout the world and not exclusive to health care.

Answer: "True" eHIST Page 190

Q#2. The third area is of tremendous importance to data storage: the proliferation of EHR or EMR system.

Answer: "False" eHIST Page 191

Q#3. Which of the following refers to the legislation passed by Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010, including a"Patient's Bill of Rights."

a. Normalization

b. mHealth

c. Affordable Care Act (ACA)

d. Data sharing

e. All of the above

Answer: "C" eHIST Page 259

Q#1. The generic definition of business intelligence (BI) is a set of theories, methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes.

Answer: "True" eHIST Page 199

Q#2. Central repositories (CDRs) is a term that has only recently coined, in conjunction with the increased adoption and use of the EHR, electronic medical record (EMR), and personal health record (PHR), all of which overlap to some extent in terms of their functionality and usage.

Answer: "False" eHIST Page 200

Q#3. Other member groups consistently indicate that healthcare organizations plan to become proactive in tackling more relevant and dramatic projects within their landscape of data is which of the following?

a. Canned

b. Decision support system (DSSs)

c. Disaster recovery (DR)

d. Medical Group Management Association (MGMA)

Answer: "D" eHIST Page 202

Q#1. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) consists of procedures reports and recommendations for policy markers at local, state, and national government levels.

Answer: "False" eHIST Page 225

Q#2. The goal of comparative effectiveness research (CER) is to provide the best possible synthesis of research results to clinicians and others in healthcare organizations so that these findings may be put to use.

Answer: "True" eHIST Page 230

Q#1. eHealth comprises the technologies supporting an essential shift methods, attitudes, and actions regarding health and wellness in our society today, often referred to as Health 2.0.

Answer "True" eHIST Page 242

Q#2. Progress in mHealth is advancing steadily, sometimes carefully through a maze of regulations needed to protect patient privacy.

Answer: "False" eHIST Page 242

Q#3. What is the use of mobile technologies for purposes of health care, public health, and health-related activities at the individual level?

a. Machine-to-machine (M2M)

b. Telemedicine

c. mHealth

d. Changing demographics

Answer: "C" eHIST Page 242

There are two dimensions for healthcare data: technical and skilled personnel and data understanding and analysis.

Answer: True, eHIST page 185

Which of these is not considered one of the 3 V’s?

1. Volume
2. Velocity
3. Value
4. Variety

Answer: C, eHIST page 190

The three areas of challenges related to data management include: imaging, EHR/EMR systems, and mobile communication.

Answer: True, eHIST page 191

Clinical intelligence is a set of theories, methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes.

Answer: False, eHIST page 199

The definition of metadata is data about data.

Answer: True, eHIST page 204

Which of the following are requirements for BI/CI Solutions?

1. Secure
2. Performance
3. Integrity
4. Extensible/scalable
5. All the above

Answer: E, eHIST page 206

Research, Policy, and Public Health are considered a secondary use of data.

Answer: True, eHIST, page 215

One of the reasons it is important to have collaboration between HIS model layers is to eliminate silos of thinking.

Answer: True, eHIST page 216

Which quadrant of the HIS Planning Framework would Business Intelligence fall in?

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV

Answer: D, eHIST page 220

eHealth is the technologies supporting an essential shift in methods, attitudes, and actions regarding health and wellness in our society today.

Answer: True, eHIST page 242

Which of these is not an additional driver of mHealth adoption?

1. changing demographics
2. greater potential role for mHealth
3. quantified self 
4. increasing availability of HIS, EHR systems
5. None of the above

Answer: E, eHIST page 243

An example of telemedicine could be patient on-line support and education groups.

Answer: True, eHIST page 248

1.  T or F.  The study of healthcare has two dimensions and they are data technical and skilled personnel (pedantic knowledge) and data understanding and analysis.

Answer: True   eHist page 185

2. T or F.  The accountable care organization if different from capitated care and managed care; the difference between health information systems and technology infrastructure are now available to integrate care across the continuum which makes the model more feasible.

Answer: True   eHist page 193

3. Data challenges include:

A. Data Ownership

B. Delivery and Translation

C. Data Storage Openness

D. Terminology, Data Sharing and Interfacing

E. All of the above

Answer: E   eHist page 192

1. T or F.  Business intelligence is defined as a set of theories, methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes. 

Answer: True    eHist  page 199

2. T or F.  Health care is a nearly $3 trillion industry and accounts for almost 20% of the U. S. gross domestic product.

Answer: True    eHist page 203

3. The requirements for business intelligence (BI) and clinical intelligence (CI)  include:

A. secure, extensible/scalable and integrity

B. Integrity, performance

C. None of the above

D. A and B

Answer: D    eHist page 203

1. T or F.  The primary uses of HIS data are to provider organizations such as hospitals, physician practices, clinics, public health organizations; secondary uses of data are research, policy, public health, insights, evidence, and policy recommendations

Answer: True   eHist page 215

2. T or F.  HIS systems create and capture data as byproduct of work done using those systems

 Answer: True   eHist page 222

3. The Ss of Sources of Public Health Data are:

A. Single Case or Small Series, Statistics (Vital Statistics and Reportable Diseases),      Surveys and Sampling

B. Self-reporting, sentinel monitoring, syndromic surveillance

C. All of the above

D. None of the above

 Answer: D    eHist page 226

1. T or F.   Intervention programs should begin “where people are” and move them one step (one stage) closer to lasting behavior change

 Answer: True   eHist page 240

2. T or F. The future goal of HIS is appropriate access to ubiquitous, personalized, specific information relevant to the situation, available to those who should have access to it, while honoring privacy, security, and confidentiality of those whose information it is.

  Answer: True    eHist page 241

3. eHealth comprises the following:

A. EHM

B. telemedicine and telehealth

C. Health 2.0

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

Answer: C    eHist page 242

Q#1. True or False:  In the healthcare industry, financial issues related to revenue cycle management (RCM) are often complicated by changes to insurance products and contracting terms with providers.

TRUE, eHIST pg 187, Exhibit 9.1

Q#2. True or False:  The importance of velocity, volume, and variety of data is exclusive to the healthcare sector only.

FALSE, eHIST pg 190

Q#1. True or False. Healthcare BI and CI are very objective

FALSE, eHIST 199

Q#2. True or False. Metadata is literally data about data.

Q#3. Which of the following is required for BI/CI solutions and financial attributes?

A.  Must be secure

B.  Must be scalable

C. Must have high integrity 

D. All of the above

Q#1. True or False. HIS and research, Policy, and Public health are interdependent in that HIS fuels research, policy, and public health which in turn informs HIS of the data.

TRUE  eHIST pg 217 figure 11.3

Q#2. True or False. The goals of public health entities and healthcare organizations are converging due to emphasis on population health management.

TRUE , eHIST pg 220

Q#3. Technical and data standards include which of the following?

A.  SNOMED

B. HOWIE

C. LOING

D. All of the above

E.  A and C

ANSWER: E,  eHIST pg 225

Q#1. True or False. The Inflection Point is a term used to indicate the moment of change in direction.  We are seeing that happening now with technology and healthcare.

TRUE, eHIST pg 239

Q#2. True or False. The future goal of health information is appropriate access to ubiquitous, personalized, specific information relevant to the situation, available to those who should have access to it, while honoring the privacy,security, and confidentiality of those whose information it is.

TRUE, eHIST pg 241

Q#3. The use of mobile technologies for purposes of health care, public health, and health-related activities at the individual level. 

A. eHealth

B. mHealth

C. Telehealth

D. All of the above

ANSWER.  B, eHIST pg 243

Q #1. Healthcare data has two dimensions: technical, pedantic knowledge and the need to imaginatively understand data and its properties for analysis as the foundation for organizational growth.

Answer: True, eHIST pg. 185

Q #2. Financial issues related to revenue cycle management are often complicated by provider changes.

Answer: False, eHIST pg. 187

Q #3. There are approximately _____ICD-10 unique codes that have replaced ICD-9 codes

a.       14,000

b.      500

c.       7800

d.      68,000

Answer: D, eHIST pg. 190

Q #1. Business intelligence (BI) handles small amounts of data and information to help identify and develop new opportunities.

Answer: False, eHIST pg. 199

Q #2. Some of the valid reasons for lowering the prioritization for BI and CI are:

a.       Cost

b.      Limited experience

c.       Restricted implementation resources

d.      All of the above

Answer: D, eHIST pgs. 201-202

Q. #3. The requirements for BI/CI Solutions include: secure, extensible/scalable, integrity, and performance.

Answer: True, eHIST pg. 206

Q #1. In the United States, public programs are tracked and evaluated using data gathered from HIS and other sources as part of program participation to monitor quality and ensure appropriate use of funds.

Answer: True, eHIST pg. 219

Q #2. Clinical trials are early-stage research about new therapies and drugs

Answer: True, eHIST pg. 224

Q #3. All of the following are part of the Six S’s of Sources pf Public Health Data except:

a.       Statistics

b.      Surveys and sampling

c.       Self-reporting

d.      Sequential events

Answer: D, eHIST pg. 226

Q #1. The use of mobile technologies for purposes of health care, public health, and health-related activities at the individual level is called ____________

a.       Telemedicine

b.      eHealth

c.       mHealth

d.      Digital health

Answer: C, eHIST pg. 243

Q #2. Organizational uses of social media differs from consumer uses, in that organizations focus on marketing and education, review, information gathering, and building support communities around specific diseases or processes such as cancer or diabetes.

Answer: True, eHIST pg. 245

Q #3. More than 50,000 HIS related jobs have been created since HITECH was enacted

Answer: True, eHIST pg. 251

Q#1 in 9: (T/F)  There is a difference between data's technical nature and the real purpose of data.

Answer:  TRUE (eHIST Page 192)

Q#2 in 10: (T/F)  HIPAA regulations require an electronic audit trail for each and every transaction within a healthcare system.  This requirement extends even to granular data levels to ensure protection and discovery of attempted inappropriate access.  It is the responsibility of the healthcare organization's IT department, rather than the software vendor, to legally meet these requirements.

Answer:  FALSE (eHIST Page 195)

Correct Answer: Software vendors are legally required to meet these audit trail requirements as a standard part of their products.

Q#1 in 10: (T/F)  The generic definition of business intelligence (BI) applies perfectly to the underpinning mechanics and functionality of clinical intelligence (CI).

Answer:  TRUE (eHIST Page 199)

Q#2 in 10: (T/F)  Extraction, transformation, and load (ETL) is a term coined specifically for the healthcare industry that refers to the process for creating data repositories for analytical purposes (i.e., the Data & Analytics sphere of the HIS scope model).

Answer:  FALSE (eHIST Page 204)

Correct Answer:  ETL is a generic term applied across industries.

Q#3 in 10: (M/C)  A Central Data Repository (CDR), sometimes called a data warehouse, serves all of the following purposes except:

a. Serves as the recognized source system for all data collected within an organization

b. Stores larger amounts of data

c. Provides a replication of data from the source systems

d. Organizes data for extraction and analytics

Answer:  A (eHIST Page 204)

Q#1 in 11: (M/C)  Policy analysis might assess healthcare utilization or compare specific services delivered to various population groups to evaluate government-sponsored insurance programs.  Such programs include which of the following except:

a. Medicare

b. Medicaid

c. Federal Emergency Management Agency's Healthcare Emergency Localization Program for Uninsured Persons (HELP-UP)

d. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

e. All of the above are correct

Answer:  C (eHIST Page 219)

Q#2 in 11: (T/F)  Treating non-Medicare-covered patients differently from Medicare-covered patients is permitted, meaning providers can reduce the types and amount of care delivered to Medicare-insured patients compared to patients with private insurance, based on respective reimbursement rates.

Answer:  FALSE (eHIST Page 229)

Answer:  TRUE (eHIST Page 219)

Q#1 in 12: (T/F)  One untoward aspect of the countless, disparate computing systems in health care is the disorganization, disconnectedness, and overall lack of cohesion of the voluminous health data available today.

Answer:  TRUE (eHIST Page 241)

Q#2 in 12: (M/C)  Factors encouraging the evolution of health care and public health into mHealth methods and capabilities include which of the following:

a. Increasing availability of mobile technologies

b. Aging and changing demographics of the population

c. Increasing implementation of foundational HIS and technology (i.e., the Systems & Management layer of the HIS model)

d. The quantified self movement

e. All of the above

f. A, C, and D only

Answer:  E (eHIST Page 243)

Q#3 in 12: (T/F)  When considering the uses of eHealth functionality, the ability to know exactly which data are being sent to whom, with confidence in those data's integrity and security, becomes easier with Internet- and mobile-based technologies given the inherent security functionality built into such applications and devices.

Answer:  FALSE (eHIST Page 243)

Q#1: True or False-Simple data, such as patient demographics, including date of birth, sex, and so forth, are generally formatted and similarly available across computer software systems.

Answer: True (Pg. 185)

Q#2: True or False-Under the provisions of the Affordable Care Act, economic risk is being rebalanced with financial incentives for providers to implement EHR systems and to be measured and compensated for improved, calculable patient outcomes.

Answer: True (Pg. 187)

Q#3: The 2011 U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) was approximately $17.6 trillion: Health care’s share was approximately what percent of this amount?

            A.) 7%

            B.) 13%

            C.) 18%

            D.) 20%

            E.) It was unable to determine

            Answer: C-18% (Pg. 186)

Q#1: True or False-The Central Data Repository (CDR) stores larger amounts of information, provides a replication of data from the source systems, organizes the data for extraction for analytics, and may provide an environment for disaster recovery (DR).

            Answer: True (Pg. 204)

Q#2: True or False-Dashboards allow often used data sets to be graphically presented in one or a few locations on a regular basis, where the user has unlimited access and may toggle between information with just a few keyboard or mouse clicks.

            Answer: True (Pg. 207)

Q#3: During which vendor role do trainers and personnel who deal with interface creation, data translations, roll-out to users, updates, and issues resolution occur?

            A.) Content creators

            B.) Implementation

            C.) Programmers

            D.) None of the above

            Answer: B-Implementation (Pg. 208)

Q#1: True or False-Opportunities for collaboration are limited by the planning and intention of the work of each layer either to include just itself or to take an expanded view to include the interests and needs of the other spheres regarding the Health Information Systems Model.

            Answer: True (Pg. 215)

Q#2: True or False-Outcomes research is research that studies the beginning results of medical care to determine if the effort of the healthcare process on the health and well-being of patients and populations will even be effective.

            Answer: False (Pg. 223)

Q#1: True or False-At its core, telemedicine is the remote delivery of clinical services using these types of technologies and the remote delivery of health-related information from one site to another via electronic communications to improve a person’s health awareness and access to information in the broader context of health promotion and prevention of illness or harm.

            Answer: True (Pg. 247)

Q#2: True or False-The Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies is a line that is steady and upward sloping.

            Answer: False (Pg. 249, Figure: 12.4)

Q#3: Barriers to adoption of telemedicine and telehealth solutions include the following, except?

            A.) Shortage of studies evaluating costs and benefits

            B.) Complexity of human and cultural factors

            C.) Legal issues around the crossing of transregional boundaries

            D.) Cost of sustaining telemedicine and telehealth initiatives

            E.) Technical challenges to the integration

            F.) All of the above are barriers

            Answer: F-All of the above are barriers (Pg. 247)

True or False: The 2011 U.S. gross domestic product was approximately $17.6 trillion: Health care’s share as approximately 18% of this amount and growing.

Answer: True (eHIST page 186)

True or False: The data management team will be responsible for architecting the data environment, cataloging the data, securing data integrity, managing data definitions and normalization, sanctioning data sources, and generally ensuring reliable availability of data for their constitutes.

Answer: True (eHIST page 192)

Multiple Choice: Which of the following are all examples of types of organizations that generate and process data in different intervals, including real time, daily, and monthly?4

1. Hospitals and hospital systems

2. Home health

3. Outpatient care facilities

4. Public health organizations

5. All of the above

Answer: E, all of the above (eHIST page 189)

True or False: In the relationship of complexity for content use and creation, the base of the triangle is dashboards, reports, graphs, charts, KPIs, low analytics, and scheduled delivery.

                Answer: True (eHIST page 201)

True or False:  A current challenge for analytics is that a single computer hardware or software systems have become the standard.

                Answer: False (eHIST page 203)

Multiple Choice: Which of the following functional attributes of BI/CI solutions allow often used data sets to be graphically presented in one or a few locations on a regular basis.

1. Dashboards

2. Role-Based Use

3. Accessibility

4. Usability

Answer: A, Dashboards (eHIST page 207)

True or False: The CHIP Program (Children’s Health Insurance Program) was created for children from low-income families who do not qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford private insurance.

                Answer: True (eHIST page 219)

True or False: In the Data Requirements and Sources for Types of Research on page 222, QI, QII, social media, mobile devices, and programmatic data is under the Data Requirements tab.

                Answer: False (eHIST page 222)

True or False: Accelerations of technologies is expected to increase in 2020 due to The Great Inflection on Medicine.

                Answer: True (eHIST page 240)

True or False:  eHealth comprises the technologies supporting an essential shift in methods, attitudes, and actions regarding health and wellness in our society today.

                Answer: True (eHIST page 242)

Multiple Choice: Which of the following components of the Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies is the most mature?

1. Slope of Enlightenment

2. Plateau of Productivity

3. Peak of Inflated Expectations

4. Technology Trigger

Answer: B, Plateau of Productivity (eHIST page 249)

1.      1.  True or False. The 2011 U.S. GDP was approximately $11.6 trillion.

Answer – False (eHIST p. 186)

1.      1.  True or False.  Source Data is a generic term used across industries that refers to the process for creating data repertories for analytical purposes.

Answer – False (eHIST p 204)

2.      2.  True or False.  The central data repository supports a system’s ability to replicate and rebuild data if the original hardware is destroyed.

Answer – True (eHIST p 204)

3.     3.   What often used data sets to be graphically presented in one or a few locations on a regular basis, where the user has unlimited access and may toggle between information with just a just keyboard or mouse clicks?

A.      Dashboards

B.      Roles-based use

C.      Integrity

D.      Performance EHRs

Answer- A. Dashboards (eHIST p 207)