Term
What are three listening questions?
In each situation ask these three questions. |
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Definition
How do we fit together? (Rapport)
Who is in charge? (Control)
How much do we trust each other? (Trust |
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Term
| Miller's definition of Listening |
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Definition
| the process of developing a full understanding of another person's story (situation, concern, point of view) Get to know their perception of the problem for true understanding. |
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Term
| What are the basic Listening intents? AND what is the central consideration with each listening mode? |
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Definition
To lead by persuading = high control
To clarify by directing
To discover by attending=least control
CONTROL = is the central consideration in each mode. |
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Term
| What is attentive listening? |
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Definition
| That they tell their story spontaneously without your directions. Follow and encourage but do not question. |
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Term
| Attentive listening, What are the advantages? |
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Definition
1. The story will only be 2-4 minutes.
2. You fresh, better quality, uncontaminated information
3. Get the full story the first time you do not have to waste time clarifying misinformation.
4. Quickest way to cut through defensiveness, ours and others, is to listen.
5. When they freely tell their full story without influencing it, you help complete their communicycle.
Letting people speak their truth reduces fear and resistance and generates trust.
6.Letting people speak their truth reduces fear and resistance and generates trust. |
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Term
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Definition
| Something only the story teller can complete.. it's a circular pattern .. that is necessary to be UNDERSTOOD. |
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Term
| What is matching in listening / synch with each other? What is required to match? |
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Definition
Listening requires 2 to match each other. KEY= you start where the other person is, not lagging or running ahead. Match energy, posure, topic discussion, speech tone, rate, loudness.
Use words, images, metaphors
Match senses..sight, taste, touch, smell, hear |
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Term
| List Millers tips on listening. |
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Definition
1. Find and build similarities.
2. match body language
3 build on the worlds and metaphors a person uses
4 Loook, listen, mirrow posture, energy and pace
5 communicate to be in sinc with the other person |
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Term
| According to the Miller, hot spots tell you what? |
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Definition
| Where the positive energy is. |
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Term
What not to say
what to say |
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Definition
I understand what you mean, don't say.
Rather, show you understand by summarizing |
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Term
| Explain Albert Mehrabian's concept of how meaning is created through communication. |
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Definition
7% of message pertaining to feelings and attitudes is in the words that are spoken.
• 38% of message pertaining to feelings and attitudes is paralinguistic (the way that the words are said).
• 55% of message pertaining to feelings and attitudes is in facial expression.
7% Verbal Liking + 38% Vocal Liking + 55% Facial Liking
We are wrong 60% of the time.? |
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Term
| WHEN was the first study of nonverbal communication? Who was it by and where was it focused? |
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Definition
1872 Charles Darwin was the first scientific study .. book, " The Expressions and Emotions in Man and Animals"..he wanted the genetics of it.
In 20th century combined Mead and Darwin .. |
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Term
| Define Semiotics. What are the three perspectives of semiotics? |
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Definition
seeks to understand how natural and constructed signs and symbols function as a communication medium.
1 Semantics 2 Syntactics 3.pragmatics. |
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Term
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Definition
| ‘kinesics’ relates to movement of individual body parts, or the body as a whole...Paul classified kinesics into five categories: emblems, illustrations, affective displays, regulators and adaptors. |
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Term
| What (who) is Paul Ekman? |
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Definition
| World expert in the field of kinesics, the study of nonverbal coding systems of bodily activity as related to human communication. Difficult to inhibit. |
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Term
| Explain the 5 categories of nonverbal communication discussed by Ekman. |
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Definition
| 1. emblems, illustrations, adapters, regulators and affect displays. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Explain facial displays. How many facial displays have been identified through research? |
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Definition
over 5,000 facial expressions. Ekman's micro expressions Affect displays whether innate learned or managed.. the truth leaks through.
but 60% of the time your are wrong reading a facial display. |
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Term
| Define microexpressions. How fast are microexpressions? |
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Definition
| When someone conceals emotions, leakage of that emotion can often be found on that person’s face. This leakage may be seen on one region of the face, or flashed in a millisecond across the whole face. |
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Term
| Explain Howare T. Hall's concept of distance. |
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Definition
Proxemics: 4 types of distances: 1. intimate 2. personal 3. social 4. public
Proxemics is the study of human use of space |
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Term
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Definition
| qualities of the voice. Pitch, tone, Loudness, speed.. |
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Term
| Explain Gestures in relationship to telling a story. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interrelated observations and theories of man's use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture the study of human use of space and the effects that population density has on behaviour, communication, and social interaction.[1] Proxemics is one among several subcategories in the study of nonverbal communication, including haptics (touch), kinesics (body movement), vocalics (paralanguage), and chronemics (structure of time).[ |
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Term
| Name and define the three perspectives of semiotics |
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Definition
semantics is linguistics, art, drawing anthropology, sociology and involves words, pictures, space objects..what do the signs mean
syntactic = how do the things relate to each other
Pragmatic= how does it affect behavior..
All that is the study of nonverbal communication. |
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Term
| define Ekman's emblems, illustrations, adapters, regulators and affect displays |
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Definition
Emblems are gestures with precise meaning known to a culture (A-OK)//
Illustrations create a visual image + support spoken message. tend to be subconscious Example: Holding your hands apart to indicate size.
body movements that control, adjust, and sustain the flow of a conversation – are frequently relied on to feedback how much of the message the listener has understood.
Example: Head nodding and eye movements.. cultural differences.
adaptors= include changes in posture and other movements made with little awareness..body-focussed movements, such as rubbing, touching, scratching, and so on.
Example: Shifting body and/or feet position when seated
regulator= Regulators – body movements that control, adjust, and sustain the flow of a conversation – are frequently relied on to feedback how much of the message the listener has understood.
Example: Head nodding and eye movements
Affective displays==tend to be movements, usually facial gestures, displaying specific emotions. less conscious than illustrators and occur less frequently. Affected by culture. |
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Term
| In the 20th century social scientists Darwin and Mead interpretation divided into subgroups...what are the 5 subgroups of interpretation? |
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Definition
1. kinesics 2. proxemics 3. kenetics
4. paraloanguage 5. semiotic |
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Term
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Definition
| visible body movement, face, eye, gesture, vocal qualtiy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three fields of semiotics? |
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Definition
semantics
syntactics
pragmatics |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how signs relate to things the sign as the designator what does the nonverbal sign mean? |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how signs relate to other signs organized into a system How does the nonverbal sign relate to other signs? |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how codes are used in everyday life..how does the nonverbal sign or group of signs affect behavior? |
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Term
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Definition
general characteristics
Analogic - continuous forming a range
iconicity = resemblance to what's being symbolized
universal meaning = some codes may be biologically determined emotins
Simultaneous transmissions = several nonverbal messages can be sent at once
automatic response
spontaneity |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of how humans construct and manage "microspace" the distance between peopole in the conduct of everyday transactions, organization of space in houses, building and design of towns. |
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Term
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Definition
| the distance between peopole in the conduct of everyday transactions, organization of space in houses, building and design of towns. |
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Term
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Definition
| Related to proxemics touching behavior, communication via touch |
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Term
| types of spaces in proxemics |
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Definition
Fixed feature space
semi fixed-feature space
informal space |
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Term
| Types of distance in proxemics |
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Definition
| intimate, personal, social, public |
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Term
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Definition
| posture-sex/ socifugal and sociopetal axis/ kinesthetic factors (body + distance)/ touching behavior/ distance factors / visual code, thermal code/ olfactory code/ paralinguistic code (loudness) |
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Term
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Definition
| the nonverbal code system of bodily activity "body language) |
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Term
| Who are the major theorist of kinesics? |
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Definition
| Birdwhistell, P. Ekman, W Friesen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are Birdwhistell's 6 key assumptions? |
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Definition
All body movements have meaning potenitial
2. behavior can be analyzed because of patterns and repetitions
3. action have limits but the use of body motion is part of the social system
4 People's visual bodily activity can influence others
5. communicative functions of body activity can be studied
6 a person use of bodily activity will have unique, idiosyncratic aspects while also being part of a larger social system shared with others. |
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Term
| Kinesics + Ekman and Friesen |
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Definition
Emphasizes face and hands. Three ways to analyze nonverbal behavior
1. origin 2. coding (arbitrary, iconic, intrinsic) 3. Usage -what does the behavior do, how does it convey meaning ( communication/ interactive) |
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Term
| Ekman and Friesen say all nonverbal behavior is one of 5 types |
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Definition
| 1. emblems-precise meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between individuals |
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Term
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Definition
1) Language is symbolic.
2) Meanings are in people, not words.
Denotative meanings
Connotative meanings
3) Language is ruled governed.
4) Semantic rules deals with the meaning of specific words.
5) Pragmatic rules govern how people use language in everyday interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Naming
2. Credibility
3. Status
4. Worldview
5. Power (powerful speech and powerless speech)
6. Responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
What da ya say
A penny saved is a penny earned
Don't go out on a limb |
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Term
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Definition
User
Love - - - - - - - - - - - Thing |
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Term
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Definition
| social security number down to Bobs DNA and everything inbetween |
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Term
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Definition
deception..euphemism, jargon, gobbledygook, and inflated language) and the social dangers of doublespeak.
evade responsibility. Language designed to mislead. |
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Term
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Definition
| developed a concept called doublespeak = a language that is evasive and deceptive ..the purpose of doublespeak is to transfer a falsehood disguised as a truth .. Haig's assurance that a continued arms buildup was "absolutely essential to our hopes for meaningful arms reduction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Euphemism =unlawful arbitrary detention
jargon=involuntary conversion= crash
bureaucratese = gobbledygook
inflated language= predawn inverted insurgeon = deployment of smart meters= force wireless transceivers on the homes of the population which give minute by minute surveillance of energy use. |
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Term
A presupposition
(Suzette Haden Elgin is an applied psycholinguist)
always to respond to the presupposition, never to the sequence it is hidden in. |
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Definition
is something that a native speaker of a language knows is part of the meaning of a sequence of that language, even if it is not overtly present in the sequence.
Even X made an A in that. |
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Term
PRESUMPTION 1 - 8
8 Verbal attack patterns |
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Definition
1. If you X you wouldn't..
2. If you X you would want to..
3. Don't you even care..
4. Even X could Y
5. Everyone understands why you..
6. A person who X, Y
7. Why don't you ever X.
8. “Some (X’s) would (Y) if/when (Z) (W).” |
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Term
| factors commonly behind your personal verbal attack patterns |
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Definition
| I feel hurt, I feel angry, I am blaming, I think it's on purpose, get back at |
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Term
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Definition
1. Know that you are under attack.
2. TWO: Know what kind of attack you are facing.
3. THREE: Know how to make your defense fit the attack.
4. FOUR: Know how to follow through |
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Term
| Common Communication Barriers |
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Definition
1. Criticizing
2. Name-calling
3. Diagnosing
4. Praising Evaluatively :”You’re always so good to everybody; you never thing about yourself at all.”
5. Ordering
6. Threatening
7. Moralizing
8. Questioning
9. Advising
10. Diverting “You think that’s bad? Shoot, let me tell you what happened to me this afternoon!”
11. Logical Argument
12. Reassuring
13. Cutesipation “You’re so cute when you’re mad, you know hat?”
14. Contradiction “You are not cold; you couldn’t possibly be!” |
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Term
| characteristics of nonverbal communication |
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Definition
1. All behavior has communicative value.
2. We are not always conscious of what we and others communicate nonverbally.
3. Nonverbal communication is primarily relational.
4. Nonverbal communication allows us to demonstrate the kind of relationships we have or want to have with others.
5. Emoticons can clarify the meaning that isn’t evidence from words alone.
6. Nonverbal communication is influenced by culture and gender |
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Term
| Judith Hall men and women differences |
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Definition
Women: Smile more
Use more facial expression
Use more hand, head, and arm gestures
Touch other more
Stand closer to other
Are more vocally expressive
Make more eye contact.
Note: Despite these differences, men’s and Woman’s nonverbal patterns have a lot in common |
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Term
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Definition
| Explore your territoriality by listing the spaces you feel you “own”, such as your parking space, seat in church, and bedroom |
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Term
| : “Interpreting Nonverbal Communication”! VIDEO |
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Definition
1) Body language
2) Code
3) Communication
4) Kinesics
5) Metacommunicative Competence
6) Microexpression
7) Nonverbal Communication
8) Oculesics
9) Paralanguage
10) Paul Ekman
11) Semiotics |
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Term
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Definition
1. People who study nonverbal behavior use the term immediacy to describe actions that communicate warmth, closeness, friendliness, and involvement with other people.
2. Females are better at encoding and decoding nonverbal messages. Therefore, in both interpersonal and public persuasion, the sources needs to be sensitive to the competence of female receivers.
Remember, research found that females in all cultures are better at encoding and decoding nonverbal messages.
3. Nonverbal leakage is an issue in all interpersonal communication.
Remember the concept of the Blind Window.
4. Artifacts can communicate a great deal about the credibility and the status of the individual.
Research has found that first impressions are not only powerful and enduring, they ae often based on seemingly trivial appearance cues such as clothing and grooming.
These cues are not trivial and in some contexts may be more important than verbal cues.
Perceived attraction has significant benefits that may include: Grades, pay, marital competence, lighter court sentences. Favors, judged to be happier
6. Nonverbal cues serve several important functions.
(1) We use nonverbal cues to create impressions of ourselves.
(2) We use nonverbal cues to create rapport and empathy with others.
(3) We use nonverbal cues to heighten and reinforce messages. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of receiving, constructing meaning from and responding to spoken and/or verbal messages.” |
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Term
| 4 problem types of listening |
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Definition
(1) Content-oriented listening.
(2) People-oriented listening.
(3) Action-oriented listening.
(4) Time-oriented listening |
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Term
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Definition
Ruler
Analysis
Relater
Entertainer |
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Term
Professor DeVito
suggest five ways to improve attending cues when listening. |
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Definition
1) Get physically ready to listen.
(2) Resist mental distractions.
(3) Make the shift fully from speaker to listener.
(4) Observe nonverbal cues.
(5) Hear a person out. |
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Term
| Obstacles to mindful listening |
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Definition
1. Message overload
2. Message complexity
3. Noise
4. Preoccupation
5. Prejudgment
6. Reacting emotionally go loaded language
7. Lack of effort
8. Failure to adapt listening styles |
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Term
| Social Media & Listening + Leslie Perlow |
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Definition
| Leslie Perlow argues that “People need to get back to talking face to face, really looking at each other, and getting energy from each other |
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Term
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Definition
(1) Task-oriented
(2) Relational listening
(3) Analytical listening
(4) Critical listening |
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Term
Miller on listening there are
3 listening questions |
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Definition
1. How do we fit together? (Rapport)
2. Who is in charge? (Control)
3. How much do we trust each other? (Trust) |
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Term
| Miller's definition of listening |
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Definition
| “Think of listening as the process of developing a full understanding of another person “story” (situation, concern, point of view). |
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Term
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Definition
To lead by persuading.
To clarify by directing.
To discover by attending.
“Control is the central consideration with each listening mode.” |
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Term
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Definition
| “The idea behind attentive listening is to let others tell their story spontaneously. Don’t direct it, just encourage kit. Follow the leader!” |
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Term
| Advantages of Attentive Listening |
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Definition
1. Most people can freely tell their story in two to four minutes.
2. When people talk about a issue in their own way, you get fresher, better quality, uncontaminated information.
3. When you get the full story the first time, you do not have to was the time clarifying misinformation
4. The quickest way to cu t through defensiveness—our own and others’—is to listen.
5. When you let other people freely tell their full story without influencing it, you help complete their communicycles.
6. Letting people speak their truth reduces fear and resistance, and generates trust. |
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Term
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Definition
Listening requires the two individuals to effectively match each others. The key is that you start where the other person is; do not run ahead or drag behind.
Energy
Posture
Topic Discussion
Speech tone/Rate/Loudness
Words/Images/Metaphors |
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Term
| Miller’s Tips on Listening |
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Definition
1. Look for and build on similarities with others.
2. Match body language.
3. Build on the words and metaphors a person uses.
4. Look, listen, and mirror the other person’s posture, energy, and pace.
5. Communicate to be in sync with other person. |
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Term
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Definition
| According to the Millers, “Hot spots tell you where the positive energy is!” |
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Term
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Definition
| “Avoid using the phrase, “I understand what you mean.” Instead, demonstrate your understanding by summarizing in your own words what you hear the other person say.” |
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