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Definition
| Diffusion across a biological membrane |
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Definition
| Moves solutes against concentration gradient. |
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| Any spread of molecules from an area of high concentration to low. |
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Definition
| Diffusion with the help of a transport protein. |
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Term
| Three types of Endocytosis |
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Definition
| Phagocytosis, Phinocytosis, and Receptor-mediated Endocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Engulfing of fluid in membrane vesicles. |
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Definition
| Diffusion of water across a selectvely permeable membrane, from hypotonic to hypersonic solution. |
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| Transport molecules need ATP to funtion |
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Definition
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Term
| Receptor-mediated Endocytosis |
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Definition
| Enables cell to engulf bulk quantities of a specific large molecule. |
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Definition
| How oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave the cell. |
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Term
| Two types of Passive Transport |
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Definition
| Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Engulfing a molecule in membrane vesicle |
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Definition
| Fusion of a membrane-bound vesivle with membrane, and dumping of contents outside the cell. |
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Definition
| How a cell might capture a bacterium |
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Definition
| Sunlight to chemical energy. |
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Definition
| Converts chemical energy into an energy the cell can use. |
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Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Energy is not created or destroyed; constant |
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Term
| Second law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| When energy is changing, disorder happens; unavailable. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cell transfers energy by shuttleing electrons from molecule to molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Engergy is released in the electron transport chain and they are pumped across a membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| ATP + inorganing phosphate = ADP |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorilation |
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Definition
| Involves the electron transport chain and a process called chemiomosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is reduced during Cellular Respiration |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A coenzyme used to carry electrons in redox reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process wehre most cells make most of their ATP via a process that involves an electron transport chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that strips hydrogen atoms from organic molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein complex that uses energy from a gradient of ion concentration to make ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
Adding a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP.
Phosphorilation = ADP + Phosphate Group = ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose is oxidized during cellular respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| NAD+ picks up an electron + Hydrogen to = NADH |
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Term
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Definition
| Compound formed as glucose is changed to pyruvic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Steps in glycolysis that produce ATP and pyruvate |
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Term
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Definition
| Fuel molecule broken down in glycolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced by substrate-level phosphorilation. |
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Term
| Invested to energize glucose molecule at start of process of Glycolysis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sunstance that is reduced as glucose is oxidized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate |
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Term
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Definition
| Steps in glycolysis that consume energy. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carries hydrogen and electrons from ocidation of glucose |
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Term
| Substrate-level phosphorilization |
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Definition
| When an enxyme transfers a phophate from a substrate to ADP |
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Term
| Not involved in Glycolysis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is oxidized in the process of photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| The cell organelle where photosyntheses takes place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Light catching membranes in chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy travels through space as rythic waves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
| The fluid of chloroplasts where the Calvin cycle occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Pores where carbon dioxide enters. |
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Term
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Definition
| The green picment in a leaf. |
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Definition
| A cluster of light-harvesting complexes in a thylakoid. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fixed quantity of light energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process wehre plants make food from carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
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Definition
| What the color of light is related to |
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Term
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Definition
| The incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organism that makes its own food from inorganic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes come to rest here during metaphase |
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Term
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Definition
| Where spindle microtubules attach to choromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulled apart by spindle microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Material around centrioles from which mitotic spindle grows. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Walk" chromosomes along microtubules toward cell poles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A unit that determines heritable charachteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Varieties that always produce offspring identical to parents |
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Term
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Definition
| The offspring of 2 different varieties |
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Term
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Definition
| When 2 alleses of a pair differ, the one that is hidden |
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Term
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Definition
| A feature that varies amond individuals such as flower color. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parent organisms that are mated |
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Term
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Definition
| A diagram that shows possible combinations of gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| A breeding experiment that uses parents different in one charachter |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the alternative versions of a gene for a character |
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Term
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Definition
| Relative numbers of organisms with various traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that has 2 different alleles for a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Each variant of a character, such as a purphe and a white flower color. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism's genetic makeup |
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Term
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Definition
| Separation of allele pairs that occurs during gamete formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Fertilization of a plant by pollen from a different plant |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that has 2 identical alleses for a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| The LOCation of a gene on a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| What an organism looks like; its expressed traits |
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Term
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Definition
| When 2 alleles of a pair differ, the one trait that determines appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the 2 alleles for a certain character are located |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic chemical unit of a nucleic acid |
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Term
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Definition
The "transprming factor" that alters pneumonia bacteria
*One kind of nucleic acid |
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Term
| The 2 kinds of Nucleic Acids |
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Definition
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Term
| The 3 parts of a Nucleotide |
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Definition
| Sugar, Phosphate, and Base (nitrogenous) |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenine, Cytoside, Guanine and Thymine |
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Term
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Definition
| Ribose in RNA and a Dioxyribose in DNA |
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Term
| The DNA base complemintary to Thymine |
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Definition
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Term
| The DNA base complemantary to G |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A bacterium attacked by T2 phages |
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Term
| Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of: |
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Definition
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